Healthcare Resource Utilization in the Two Years Prior to Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: Reverse (RTSA) and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) are the gold standard surgical treatments for symptomatic glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA). Typically, these procedures are pursued after exhausting medical management and non-arthroplasty procedures. There is little reliable evidence focused on non-arthroplasty treatments for glenohumeral OA, although their use is widespread.

Fecal deoxycholic acid associates with diet, intestinal microbes, and total bilirubin in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background & Aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease with a strong association with inflammatory bowel disease and variable disease progression. We aimed to gain insights into the role of fecal bile acids (BA) on disease progression by determining the relationships between fecal BA, diet, and gut microbes, with markers of disease progression, BA synthesis, and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activity.

Methods: BA levels in serum and stool, dietary intake, and markers of BA synthesis, and FXR activity were measured in 26 patients with early stage, large duct PSC.

The impact of interventions for depression on self-perceptions in young people: A systematic review & meta-analysis.

Negative self-perceptions are implicated in the development and maintenance of depression in young people, but little is known about their receptiveness to change in response to treatment. This paper reports on a pre-registered meta-analysis examining the extent to which treatments for depression in young people aged 11-24 result in changes to self-perceptions. Controlled treatment trials examining outcomes related to self-perceptions were synthesised (k = 20, N = 2041), finding small reductions in both symptoms of depression (g = -0.

Discovery of novel cyclopentane carboxylic acids as potent and selective inhibitors of Na1.7.

Discovery efforts leading to the identification of cyclopentane carboxylic acid 31, a potent inhibitor of Na1.7 that showed high selectivity over Na1.5 and exhibited robust analgesic effects in an inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) transgenic mouse assay, are described herein.

Microstructural analysis does not support altered interhemispheric wiring of the human anterior commissure in corpus callosum dysgenesis.

Background: Individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) lack the clear disconnection syndrome that is characteristic of individuals in whom the corpus callosum has been surgically severed. One potential explanation for this paradox is that the anterior commissure undergoes neuroplastic remodeling in CCD to improve interhemispheric communication between the brain hemispheres.

Methods: A cohort of sixteen individuals with CCD (and sixteen sex and age-matched neurotypical controls) underwent multi-shell diffusion magnetic resonance high-field imaging (dMRI) at 7-Tesla to assess the anatomy of the anterior commissure for evidence of neuroplasticity.

Use of the Puccinia sorghi haustorial transcriptome to identify and characterize AvrRp1-D recognized by the maize Rp1-D resistance protein.

The common rust disease of maize is caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia sorghi. The maize Rp1-D allele imparts resistance against the P. sorghi IN2 isolate by initiating a defense response that includes a rapid localized programmed cell death process, the hypersensitive response (HR).

Anti-integrin αvβ6 Autoantibodies are Increased in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Patients With Concomitant Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlate With Liver Disease Severity.

Background & Aims: Anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies (anti-αvβ6) are found in more than 50% of individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-αvβ6 in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and their association with liver disease severity.

Methods: Four cohorts of pre-liver transplant patients with PSC were recruited.

Management of Plastic Surgery Complications at a Tertiary Medical Center after Aesthetic Procedures.

Background: The aesthetic plastic surgery industry has seen tremendous growth, with Americans spending an estimated 20 billion dollars on procedures in 2020. However, the effect of complications from these procedures on the healthcare system is poorly understood. This study aims to create awareness regarding aesthetic procedure complications through the scope of plastic surgeons at a tertiary medical facility.

Drapes in Routine Aseptic Procedures for Environmental Sustainability (project DRAPES): a protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial comparing post-operative wound complication rates following routine neutering of dogs and cats using reusable or disposable surgical drapes.

Background: Reusable surgical drapes have a lower lifetime environmental impact than disposable drapes in most cases. There is limited evidence regarding whether drape choice impacts patient outcomes including post-operative wound complications. The aim of this study is to compare wound complication rates following routine neutering surgeries in cats and dogs when reusable drapes are used as compared with disposable drapes.

Adynamic spoken language in corpus callosum dysgenesis.

Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a congenital brain malformation that occurs when the development of the corpus callosum is disrupted, either partially or completely. The cognitive outcomes in individuals with CCD vary greatly, but generally the neuropsychological profile is characterised by slow processing speed, poor transfer of interhemispheric sensory-motor information, and impaired complex problem solving. Core language skills are often preserved in CCD, but there is some evidence that complex language may be impaired.

Sticking together: independent evolution of biofilm formation in different species of staphylococci has occurred multiple times via different pathways.

Background: Staphylococci cause a wide range of infections, including implant-associated infections which are difficult to treat due to the presence of biofilms. Whilst some proteins involved in biofilm formation are known, the differences in biofilm production between staphylococcal species remains understudied. Currently biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus is better understood than other members of the genus as more research has focused on this species.

Patient Perception of Allograft Versus Autograft in ACL Reconstruction Using a Validated Online Survey Marketplace.

Background: Little is known regarding the opinions of the general population on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft options.

Purpose: To evaluate the general population's perception of the use of allografts versus autografts in ACL reconstruction using a previously validated online marketplace platform.

Methods: A prospective 34-question survey was distributed via the online marketplace.

Retrospective review of treatment outcomes and costs in children with sleep disordered breathing assessed with multi-channel studies.

Current UK guidance on OSA management recommends only use of sleep studies - when there is diagnostic uncertainty, in children with comorbidities or to evaluate perioperative risk in those with suspected severe OSA. Routine use of sleep studies to confirm a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children before adenotonsillectomy is not currently recommended. We report the findings of a novel paediatric sleep service based on routine use of multi-channel sleep studies (MCSS) before adenotonsillectomy and present the results of a service evaluation assessing the impact of our practise on treatment outcomes and cost.

The contribution of Na1.6 to the efficacy of voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitors in wild type and Na1.6 gain-of-function (GOF) mouse seizure control.

Background And Purpose: Inhibitors of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nas) are important anti-epileptic drugs, but the contribution of specific channel isoforms is unknown since available inhibitors are non-selective. We aimed to create novel, isoform selective inhibitors of Na channels as a means of informing the development of improved antiseizure drugs.

Experimental Approach: We created a series of compounds with diverse selectivity profiles enabling block of Na1.

Outcomes of Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Repair for Proximal Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this study is to compare failure rates among different techniques of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair for the treatment of proximal ACL ruptures. Meta-analysis and systematic review were completed, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies from Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed published between June 2011 and June 2022 reporting outcomes of primary ACL repair on proximal tears with a minimum two-year follow-up were included.

Prospective evaluation of the impact of multi-channel studies on treatment outcomes in children with sleep disordered breathing.

There are significant variations in practice regarding the use of sleep studies in children with symptoms of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) prior to adenotonsillectomy. Current UK guidance recommends the selective use of sleep studies to confirm a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) when there is diagnostic uncertainty, in children with comorbidities, or to assess perioperative risk when severe OSA is suspected. We have developed a novel paediatric sleep service over the past decade based on the routine use of multi-channel sleep studies (MCSS) before adenotonsillectomy.

Treatment approach and outcomes of patients with accelerated/blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms in the current era.

Progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) to accelerated or blast phase is associated with poor survival outcomes. Since 2017 there have been several therapies approved for use in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); these therapies have been incorporated into the management of accelerated/blast-phase MPNs (MPN-AP/BP). We performed a multicenter analysis to investigate outcomes of patients diagnosed with MPN-AP/BP in 2017 or later.

Horse owner perceptions of equine veterinary nursing roles in the United Kingdom.

Background: Registered (equine) veterinary nurses (R(E)VNs) typically provide few client-facing services. Better utilising R(E)VN skills could help address workforce shortages, improve morale and benefit patient health. The aim of this study was to explore horse owner perceptions of R(E)VN roles.