Phytotoxic Activity Analysis of 2-Methoxyphenol and 2,6-Di--butyl-4-methylphenol Present in L. Essential Oil.

The evaluation of the wide variety of allelochemicals present in allelopathic plants allows the detection of safer bioherbicides with new mechanisms of action. This study tested two phenolic compounds of essential oil (2-Methoxyphenol and 2,6-Di--butyl-4-methylphenol), which are commercially available. At 0.

Phosphorylation of FOXO Proteins as a Key Mechanism to Regulate Their Activity.

Phosphorylation of FOXO transcription factors is one of the key mechanisms involved in the regulation of the activity, nucleo-cytosolic shuttling, and stability of this family of proteins. Here we describe several experimental approaches allowing analysis of changes in the phosphorylation of these proteins upon exposure to different stimuli.

Laparoscopic-Assisted Peritoneal Access in Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: The most common treatment of hydrocephalus is ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. Peritoneal access is commonly conducted through an open laparotomy, but laparoscopic peritoneal access is gaining popularity. Many studies have reported the benefits of minimally invasive laparoscopic peritoneal access, but there is no consensus on its use.

United States Long-Term Trends in Adult BMI (1959-2018): Unraveling the Roots of the Obesity Epidemic.

The escalating rates of obesity since the 1950s poses a critical public health challenge across all age groups in the United States. While numerous studies have examined cross-sectional disparities across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups, there has been limited research on long-term trends. To address this gap, we analyzed average adult body mass index (BMI) trends from 1959 to 2018, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the National Health Examination Survey (NHES).

Pulmonary Arterial Tumor Embolism From Recurrent Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma on FDG PET/CT.

A 55-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma extending into the renal vein/inferior vena cava (status post nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombectomy, pT3bN0M0), and perioperative pulmonary bland thromboembolism (resolved with 3-month of anticoagulation), followed by 3.5 years of complete remission, developed new incidental pulmonary arterial filling defects on a surveillance CT examination (asymptomatic, normal d -dimer, no deep vein thrombosis). Despite anticoagulation, the filling defects not only persisted but also demonstrated intense FDG activity on a restaging PET/CT performed 4 months later for new pulmonary oligometastasis.

Mayo Clinic Consensus Report on Membranous Nephropathy: Proposal for a Novel Classification.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a pattern of injury caused by autoantibodies binding to specific target antigens, with accumulation of immune complexes along the subepithelial region of glomerular basement membranes. The past 20 years have brought revolutionary advances in the understanding of MN, particularly via the discovery of novel target antigens and their respective autoantibodies. These discoveries have challenged the traditional classification of MN into primary and secondary forms.

Mayo Clinic consensus report on membranous nephropathy: proposal for a novel classification.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a pattern of injury caused by autoantibodies binding to specific target antigens, with accumulation of immune complexes along the subepithelial region of glomerular basement membranes. The past 20 years have brought revolutionary advances in the understanding of MN, particularly via the discovery of novel target antigens and their respective autoantibodies. These discoveries have challenged the traditional classification of MN into primary and secondary forms.

Dynamic control of high-voltage actuator arrays by light-pattern projection on photoconductive switches.

The ability to control high-voltage actuator arrays relies, to date, on expensive microelectronic processes or on individual wiring of each actuator to a single off-chip high-voltage switch. Here we present an alternative approach that uses on-chip photoconductive switches together with a light projection system to individually address high-voltage actuators. Each actuator is connected to one or more switches that are nominally OFF unless turned ON using direct light illumination.

ASLPrep: a platform for processing of arterial spin labeled MRI and quantification of regional brain perfusion.

Arterial spin labeled (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary method for noninvasively measuring regional brain perfusion in humans. We introduce ASLPrep, a suite of software pipelines that ensure the reproducible and generalizable processing of ASL MRI data.

Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status, parental education, and executive system activation in youth.

Socioeconomic status (SES) can impact cognitive performance, including working memory (WM). As executive systems that support WM undergo functional neurodevelopment during adolescence, environmental stressors at both individual and community levels may influence cognitive outcomes. Here, we sought to examine how SES at the neighborhood and family level impacts task-related activation of the executive system during adolescence and determine whether this effect mediates the relationship between SES and WM performance.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: Can we stratify at-risk populations?

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new nomenclature recently proposed by a panel of international experts so that the entity is defined based on positive criteria and linked to pathogenesis, replacing the traditional non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a definition based on exclusion criteria. NAFLD/MAFLD is currently the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide and is a growing risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is estimated than 25% of the global population have NAFLD and is projected to increase in the next years.

Recommended protocols for the Multiple Sleep Latency Test and Maintenance of Wakefulness Test in adults: guidance from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Unlabelled: This article updates the American Academy of Sleep Medicine protocols for the administration of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test and the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine commissioned a task force of clinical experts in sleep medicine to review published literature on the performance of these tests since the publication of the 2005 American Academy of Sleep Medicine practice parameter paper. Although no evidence-based changes to the protocols were warranted, the task force made several changes based on consensus.

Ultrathin Lubricant-Infused Vertical Graphene Nanoscaffolds for High-Performance Dropwise Condensation.

Lubricant-infused surfaces (LIS) are highly efficient in repelling water and constitute a very promising family of materials for condensation processes occurring in a broad range of energy applications. However, the performance of LIS in such processes is limited by the inherent thermal resistance imposed by the thickness of the lubricant and supporting surface structure, as well as by the gradual depletion of the lubricant over time. Here, we present an ultrathin (∼70 nm) and conductive LIS architecture, obtained by infusing lubricant into a vertically grown graphene nanoscaffold on copper.

FlywheelTools: Data Curation and Manipulation on the Flywheel Platform.

The recent and growing focus on reproducibility in neuroimaging studies has led many major academic centers to use cloud-based imaging databases for storing, analyzing, and sharing complex imaging data. Flywheel is one such database platform that offers easily accessible, large-scale data management, along with a framework for reproducible analyses through containerized pipelines. The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is the standard for neuroimaging data, but curating neuroimaging data into BIDS can be a challenging and time-consuming task.

Neutral effect of exenatide on serum testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort.

Background: Endogenous testosterone increases with weight loss from diet, exercise, and bariatric surgery. However, little is known about testosterone levels after weight loss from medication.

Objectives: Uncover the effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapy on serum testosterone.

Astrocyte-Selective Volume Increase in Elevated Extracellular Potassium Conditions Is Mediated by the Na/K ATPase and Occurs Independently of Aquaporin 4.

Astrocytes and neurons have been shown to swell across a variety of different conditions, including increases in extracellular potassium concentration (^[K]). The mechanisms involved in the coupling of K influx to water movement into cells leading to cell swelling are not well understood and remain controversial. Here, we set out to determine the effects of ^[K] on rapid volume responses of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and stratum radiatum astrocytes using real-time confocal volume imaging.

Biliary Tract Carcinogenesis Model Based on Bile Metaproteomics.

To analyze human and bacteria proteomic profiles in bile, exposed to a tumor vs. non-tumor microenvironment, in order to identify differences between these conditions, which may contribute to a better understanding of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, human and bacterial proteomic profiles of a total of 20 bile samples (7 from gallstone (GS) patients, and 13 from pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients) that were collected during surgery and taken directly from the gallbladder, were compared.

Laparoscopic Liver Resection: A South American Experience with 2887 Cases.

Background: Laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) have been increasingly performed in recent years. Most of the available evidence, however, comes from specialized centers in Asia, Europe and USA. Data from South America are limited and based on single-center experiences.

Leveraging multi-shell diffusion for studies of brain development in youth and young adulthood.

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has advanced our understanding of brain microstructure evolution over development. Recently, the use of multi-shell diffusion imaging sequences has coincided with advances in modeling the diffusion signal, such as Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) and Laplacian-regularized Mean Apparent Propagator MRI (MAPL). However, the relative utility of recently-developed diffusion models for understanding brain maturation remains sparsely investigated.

Effect of Agrochemical Exposure on Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae Survival and Activity.

Singular use of activity assays or staining dyes to assess pathogen agrochemical tolerance can underestimate tolerance if pesticides cause sublethal effects. We exposed Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, the aquatic life stage of this trematode that infects humans, to 4 insecticides at 5 concentrations using a 24-h time-to-death assay. We used Trypan blue dye, which stains dead tissue, and activity assays simultaneously to discriminate dead from live but paralyzed individuals.

Midkine signaling maintains the self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity of glioma initiating cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. It has been proposed that the presence within these tumors of a population of cells with stem-like features termed Glioma Initiating Cells (GICs) is responsible for the relapses that take place in the patients with this disease. Targeting this cell population is therefore an issue of great therapeutic interest in neuro-oncology.

Perforated appendicitis: Short duration antibiotics are noninferior to traditional long duration antibiotics.

Background: Appendicitis usually manifests as either uncomplicated or complicated disease. Uncomplicated appendicitis is generally treated with an appendectomy without further antibiotic therapy. In contrast, complicated appendicitis can be treated in a myriad of ways.

Accelerated cortical thinning within structural brain networks is associated with irritability in youth.

Irritability is an important dimension of psychopathology that spans multiple clinical diagnostic categories, yet its relationship to patterns of brain development remains sparsely explored. Here, we examined how transdiagnostic symptoms of irritability relate to the development of structural brain networks. All participants (n = 137, 83 females) completed structural brain imaging with 3 Tesla MRI at two timepoints (mean age at follow-up: 21.

Laparoscopic Paraesophageal Hernia Repair and Pulmonary Embolism.

Objective: Pulmonary embolism (PE) following laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair (PEHR) is rare but occurs at a higher frequency than other laparoscopic procedures. We describe a series of patients who developed PEs after PEHR in hopes of capturing potential risk factors for further study.

Materials And Methods: Five cases of PE after PEHR were observed between 2017 and 2018.

Perioperatively Inhaled Hydrogen Gas Diminishes Neurologic Injury Following Experimental Circulatory Arrest in Swine.

This study used a swine model of mildly hypothermic prolonged circulatory arrest and found that the addition of 2.4% inhaled hydrogen gas to inspiratory gases during and after the ischemic insult significantly decreased neurologic and renal injury compared with controls. With proper precautions, inhalational hydrogen may be administered safely through conventional ventilators and may represent a complementary therapy that can be easily incorporated into current workflows.