Precision Psychobiotics for Gut-Brain Axis Health: Advancing the Discovery Pipelines to Deliver Mechanistic Pathways and Proven Health Efficacy.

Advancing microbiome-gut-brain axis science requires systematic, rational and translational approaches to bridge the critical knowledge gaps currently preventing full exploitation of the gut microbiome as a tractable therapeutic target for gastrointestinal, mental and brain health. Current research is still marked by many open questions that undermine widespread application to humans. For example, the lack of mechanistic understanding of probiotic effects means it remains unclear why even apparently closely related strains exhibit different effects in vivo.

Service delivery and the role of clinical pharmacists in UK primary care for older people, including people with dementia: a scoping review.

Objective: As populations age globally, there is increasing prevalence of multiple long-term conditions, such as dementia, leading to many challenges. The burden on health and care services, economic pressures, and the necessity for innovative policies to better support older people and people with dementia becomes paramount. This review explores how clinical pharmacists working in UK primary care support older people and people with dementia.

Enhancing Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation for Hospitalized and Recently Discharged People Living With HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: Despite increased antiretroviral therapy (ART) access in South Africa, HIV testing and ART initiation are suboptimal in hospital settings. Key gaps include in-hospital case finding, ART initiation support, and primary health care (PHC) facility linkage after discharge.

Intervention Development And Description: We identified weaknesses in hospital processes by comparing them with PHC HIV services and developed a quality improvement model for implementation in 5 Johannesburg hospitals.

The genetic architecture of differentiating behavioral and emotional problems in early life.

Background: Early in life, behavioral and cognitive traits associated with risk for developing a psychiatric condition are broad and undifferentiated. As children develop, these traits differentiate into characteristic clusters of symptoms and behaviors that ultimately form the basis of diagnostic categories. Understanding this differentiation process - in the context of genetic risk for psychiatric conditions, which is highly generalized - can improve early detection and intervention.

Risk-Based Screening of Atrial Fibrillation in General Practice (R-BEAT): A randomised Cross-over Trial.

Background: The optimal approach to the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in primary care is unclear.

Aim: To determine if external loop recorder (ELR) screening improves atrial fibrillation detection in community dwelling adults with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of greater than two.

Design: Randomised cross-over clinical trial.

The inhibitory effect of nicotine on Lumbriculus variegatus stereotypical movements and locomotor activity.

Nicotine has been shown to induce profound physiological and behavioural responses in invertebrate model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Lumbriculus variegatus is an aquatic oligochaete worm which we have previously demonstrated has application within pharmacological research. Herein, we demonstrate the presence of endogenous acetylcholine and cholinesterase activity within L.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest X-ray Computer-Aided Detection Software for Detection of Prevalent and Incident Tuberculosis in Household Contacts.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) tuberculosis (TB) screening guidelines recommend computer-aided detection (CAD) software for chest radiograph (CXR) interpretation. However, studies evaluating their diagnostic and prognostic accuracy are limited.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of household contacts of rifampicin-resistant TB in South Africa.

Perceptions of children and young people in England on the smokefree generation policy: a focus group study.

Background: Modelling shows smokefree generation (SFG) policies could effectively reduce smoking rates by banning tobacco sales to those born after a specific year. Little is known about how young people perceive the legitimacy and impact of the planned SFG policy in England.

Methods: We conducted 7 semi-structured focus groups with 36 participants aged 12 - 21 (mean = 15) in England over video call and in person.

An assessment of cryptocurrencies as a global commercial determinant of health.

Through the commercial determinants of health framework, gambling has been identified as a powerful threat to health. This research critically examines cryptocurrency, which is promoted and sold as a highly gamblified product. Using the commercial determinants of health framework, the multifaceted ways in which cryptocurrency firm operations may impact health outcomes are highlighted.

Key to sessile gnesiotrochan rotifers: Floscularia (Monogononta; Flosculariidae).

Correct identification of species is necessary if we are to understand their biology, ecology, and evolutionary history, as well as to catalog their global biodiversity. This is acutely critical for many micrometazoans like rotifers, which are often difficult to identify because of their small size and complicated morphologies. Rotifers are ubiquitous micrometazoans that are found worldwide in fresh, brackish, and some marine waters.

The Role of Shared Decision-Making in Promoting Family Participation in Treatment for Adolescents and Young Adults with First-Episode Psychosis.

We aimed to examine the role of shared decision-making (SDM) in family participation in the treatment of adolescents and young adults with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Based on responses of 144 family members of OnTrackNY (OTNY) participants, we divided the sample into low participators and high participators. We calculated the total SDM score for each participant by summing the ratings across items inquiring about SDM and assessed the extent to which loved ones encouraged family participation in their care.

Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by curcumin: Therapeutic implications in cancer.

By the ubiquitin-proteasomes, cellular proteins are structurally degraded and turnover. Many essential functions and regulations of cells are regulated and controlled by these proteins. Recent studies indicated that many cancer types have been associated with aberrations in the ubiquitination pathway, which involves three enzymatic steps.

Effectiveness and Feasibility of Nonpharmacological Interventions for People With Parkinson's Disease and Cognitive Impairment on Patient-Centred Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) but has limited treatment options. Medication has shown some benefits but accompanied by risk of adverse events. We aimed to investigate effectiveness and feasibility of nonpharmacological interventions for people with PD and cognitive impairment on patient-centred outcomes.

Developing consensus on priorities for preconception care in the general practice setting in the UK: Study protocol.

Background: Preconception medical, behavioural and socioeconomic risk factors are common among people of reproductive age and can impact pregnancy and offspring outcomes. In line with clinical guidance, primary care practitioners are encouraged to support patients to manage and optimise their health prior to pregnancy. Due to barriers, including lack of time and resources, this support is not currently part of routine practice.

Factors associated with the perception of resentment towards the Chinese in Latin America during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Resentment towards the Chinese population was perceived during the first months of the pandemic because the pandemic/disease started in that country.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with the perception of resentment towards the Chinese in Latin America during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted during the second semester of the pandemic in more than a dozen countries.

Ethanol for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review.

Introduction: Alcohol withdrawal is typically managed using benzodiazepines. However, modulation of both γ-aminobutyric acid-A and N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptors through ethanol provision may provide an alternative management strategy. This systematic review critically analyses the evidence surrounding the use of oral or intravenous ethanol for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes.

The teratogenic potential of valproate in pregnancy is well established; however, evidence regarding the long-term safety of other antiseizure medications (ASMs) during pregnancy remains limited. Using routinely collected primary care data from the UK and nationwide Swedish registries to create a cohort of 3,182,773 children, of which 17,495 were exposed to ASMs in pregnancy, we show that those exposed to valproate were more likely to receive a diagnosis of autism, intellectual disability, and ADHD, when compared to children not exposed to ASMs. Additionally, children exposed to topiramate were 2.

What is the state of play? A nursing and midwifery workplace satisfaction survey across five local health districts.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and recovery period have exacerbated workforce challenges for nurses and midwives. The increasingly complex nature of healthcare, combined with rising workloads and staff attrition highlights the need for initiatives that improve workplace satisfaction and retention. In response, mentoring programs aimed at enhancing job satisfaction and retention are being increasingly implemented.

Co-Design of a Facilitated Self-Management Toolkit for People With Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease increasing globally. Self-management interventions have shown promise in improving the quality of life for people with chronic conditions. This paper aims to describe the development processes and the core components of a facilitated self-management toolkit to support people with Parkinson's disease to self-manage their condition.

A Qualitative Exploration of the Role of Culturally Relevant Social Prescribing in Supporting Pakistani Carers Living in the UK.

Background: Approximately 5.7 million people in the UK are providing informal care. Carers across all ethnic groups can experience negative impacts on their physical and mental health but some minority ethnic groups face greater challenges.

Mass Spectrometric and Immunologic Detection of Prolactin-Derived Vasoinhibin in Human Serum.

Background: Circulating levels of the antiangiogenic protein, vasoinhibin, derived from the proteolytic cleavage of prolactin (PRL), in prolactinoma are unknown, as is the molecular nature of its isoforms. Dimerization of recombinant vasoinhibin has been reported.

Methods: Vasoinhibin in a human serum sample was identified by using preparative electrophoresis with subsequent SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis, as well as mass spectrometry (MS) and ELISA.