Comparing Images from Near-Infrared Light Reflection and Bitewing Radiography to Detect Proximal Caries in Primary Teeth.

Objectives: The present prospective study aimed to compare near-infrared light reflection (NIRI) and bitewing radiographs (BWR) images to detect proximal caries in primary teeth.

Methods: 71 children underwent routine BWR, and scans were performed using an intra-oral scanner (iTero Element 5D, Align Technology, Tempe, AZ, USA), including a near-infrared light source (850 nm) and sensor. Five specialist pediatric dentists examined the NIRI and BWR images.

Is there an association between salivary immune and microbial profile with dental health in systematically healthy children?

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the inflammatory profile of systemically healthy children's saliva and its association with clinical diagnoses of caries and gingival inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 100 children before clinical dental examinations. The saliva samples were analyzed for total protein and specific inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, and TNFα) with Bradford and ELISA assays, respectively.

Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease.

Ameloblasts are specialized epithelial cells in the jaw that have an indispensable role in tooth enamel formation-amelogenesis. Amelogenesis depends on multiple ameloblast-derived proteins that function as a scaffold for hydroxyapatite crystals. The loss of function of ameloblast-derived proteins results in a group of rare congenital disorders called amelogenesis imperfecta.

Evaluation of proximal slicing in primary maxillary incisors with proximal caries- a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Modern management of dental caries should be more conservative and include early detection of lesions and active surveillance, in order to apply preventive measures and carefully monitor for signs of arrest or progression. Proximal slicing was suggested for nonrestorative caries treatment for primary incisors. The aim of the study was to examine the success of proximal slicing in primary maxillary incisors in arresting caries progression.

A 4-week randomized controlled trial evaluating plaque and gingivitis effects of an electric toothbrush in a paediatric population.

Background: Few extended studies have explored oscillating-rotating (O-R) toothbrush efficacy in young children.

Aim: To compare the efficacy between O-R and manual toothbrushes in reducing plaque and gingivitis after 4 weeks in children.

Design: This was a randomized, parallel-group, examiner-blind, clinical trial.

Dental, oral pH, orthodontic and salivary values in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: Mouth breathing is a key feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The current study evaluated dental, salivary and orthodontic characteristics of children with OSA, and compared them to those of children without OSA.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two children (mean age 5.

Factors Associated with Dental Plaque, Gingivitis, and Caries in a Pediatric Population: A Records-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated dental records of 1000 healthy children to determine factors associated with plaque, gingivitis, and caries. A logistic model for plaque and gingivitis (mild versus moderate/severe) and caries (yes/no) was carried out separately for each variable using the following potential factors: Age, Gender, Brush Type, Starting Age of Brushing, Brushing Frequency, and Bite Type. Data from 998 children (median age: 4 years, 10 months (range: 2.

Randomised clinical study of plaque removal efficacy of an electric toothbrush in primary and mixed dentition.

Background: Clinical investigations of electric toothbrushes in young children are limited.

Aim: To assess plaque reduction efficacy of an oscillating-rotating electric versus manual toothbrush in a paediatric population in primary and mixed dentitions.

Design: In this randomised, single-brushing, 2-treatment, 4-period, replicate-use crossover study, subjects were divided into 2 age groups (3-6 years; 7-9 years) and assigned to a treatment sequence involving an Oral-B Kids electric brush and a manual brush control.

Salivary inflammatory cytokines echo the low inflammatory burden in liver-transplanted children.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the salivary cytokine profile, as a potential replacement for blood tests, in liver-transplanted children to that of a control group of healthy children, and to correlate the values of commonly tested laboratory blood tests to those of published blood values.

Methods: Liver-transplanted children, and a control group of healthy children of the same sex and age distribution, were recruited for the study. Saliva was collected at the same appointment for routine blood tests for the liver-transplanted children.

Salivary biochemical variables in liver transplanted children and young adults.

Purpose: To investigate associations between levels of blood parameters used to monitor liver-transplanted children with their salivary levels, and compare the salivary parameters of transplant recipients with those of healthy controls.

Methods: Saliva and blood samples from 30 liver transplanted recipients, mean age 11.7 years and saliva from age and sex matched 27 healthy patients were analyzed using a standard complete blood count test.

Laser Tooth Preparation for Pit and Fissure Sealing.

Various approaches are available for pit and fissure sealing, including: the use of sealants, with or without mechanical preparation; the use of etching, with or without bonding; and the use of lasers as an alternative to mechanical preparation. The objective of this study is to evaluate pit and fissure sealing by comparing the retention and microleakage of sealants, between mechanical and Er:Yag laser enamel preparation. Sixty extracted sound third molars are classified into six groups: A, bur mechanical preparation and sealant application; B, bur mechanical preparation, etching and sealant; C, bur mechanical preparation, etching, bonding and sealant; D, laser mechanical preparation and sealant; E, laser mechanical preparation, etching and sealant application; F, laser mechanical preparation, etching, bonding, and sealant.

Plaque Removal by a Powered Toothbrush Versus a Manual Toothbrush in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative plaque reduction efficacy of powered versus manual toothbrushes in children. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on a literature search that included Medline, Embase, FDA publications, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Dentistry and Oral Science, and Berman Medical Library, Hebrew University. Studies were chosen that were randomized controlled trials and published between 1980 to 2019 in English that compared plaque reduction with manual and powered toothbrushes in children.

Salivary Cytokines in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome versus Healthy Children: A Comparative Study.

Background: The aims of this study were to compare salivary cytokines and total protein between children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and healthy children, and to examine whether saliva parameters can differentiate between steroid sensitivity and resistance and between disease remission and relapse.

Methods: Twenty-seven children with nephrotic syndrome were classified according to steroid sensitivity and resistance, and disease remission and relapse. Twenty healthy children served as controls.

An Innovative Treatment Approach Using Digital Workflow and CAD-CAM Part 2: The Restoration of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children.

Until recently, the treatment for molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) mainly included interim restorations such as resin restorations and stainless-steel crowns. These require replacement after adolescence. The use of intraoral scanners (IOS) has opened a new venue for restoring MIH teeth, by reducing the challenge of dealing with uncooperative children's behavior and enabling tooth structure preservation and long-lasting restoration.

An Innovative Treatment Approach Using Digital Workflow and CAD-CAM Part 1: The Restoration of Endodontically Treated Molars in Children.

Stainless steel crowns are the most popular restoration technique for young permanent first molars treated endodontically. However, these restorations are not aesthetically appealing and need to be replaced. Endocrowns constitute a reliable approach for restoring severely damaged molars and premolars.

Children's Preferences for Pediatric Dentist Attire: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Data are conflicting regarding the effect of professional staff attire on children at pediatric dental clinics.

Aim: To compare the preferences of children and their parents in three countries, regarding the gender and attire of pediatric dentists.

Study Design: A multi-centered study was conducted in pediatric dental clinics in Israel (N=100), Uruguay (N=270) and Spain (N=200).

Randomised clinical study of plaque removal efficacy of a power toothbrush in a paediatric population.

Background: Clinical investigations of plaque removal efficacy of power toothbrushes in children are limited.

Aim: To compare plaque removal of a power versus manual toothbrush in a paediatric population.

Design: This was a randomised, replicate-use, single-brushing, examiner-blinded, two-treatment, four-period crossover clinical trial in children 8-11 years of age.

Post-Discharge Events Occurring after Dental Treatment under Deep Sedation in Pediatric Patients.

Purpose: Deep sedation is often required in dentistry for treating children with uncooperative behavior. We assessed immediate post-sedation events during the first 24 hours after dental treatment under deep sedation in children, and examined correlations to a number of variables.

Study Design: Information was collected from medical files for a convenience sample of children between the ages of 1 and 16, who were treated under deep sedation at one clinic (propofol alone or combined with a sedative agent).

Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: What the Neurologist Should Know.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a well-known cause of disability among older people. A significant amount of these patients is asymptomatic. Once the symptoms start, the worsening may follow a progressive manner.

Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome.

Method: A search for papers was made in the databases Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed with the following keywords: post polio syndrome, cardiorespiratory and rehabilitation in English, French and Spanish languages. Although we targeted only seek current studies on the topic in question, only the relevant (double-blind, randomized-controlled and consensus articles) were considered.

Results And Discussion: Certain features of PPS such as generalized fatigue, generalized and specific muscle weakness, joint and/or muscle pain may result in physical inactivity deconditioning obesity and dyslipidemia.

Neuropathic Pain Treatment: Still a Challenge.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is the result of a series of conditions caused by diseases or lesions to the somatosensory system. Due to the better understanding of NP pathophysiology previously unexplored therapies have been used with encouraging results. In this group, acetyl-L-carnitine, alpha-lipoic-acid, cannabinoids, clonidine, EMA401, botulinum toxin type A and new voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, can be included.

Levels of Stress among General Practitioners, Students and Specialists In Pediatric Dentistry during Dental Treatment.

Objective: To assess self-reported stress during the performance of different procedures in pediatric dentistry, according to the professional experience of the dentists.

Study Design: During the years 2010 to 2011, an anonymous survey was administered by means of an internet link, and by distribution at professional meetings of dentists .

Results: No statistically significant differences in stress were reported for maxilla and mandibular procedures.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: New Perpectives and Update.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Charcot's disease or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a term used to cover the spetrum of syndromes caracterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons, a paralytic disorder caused by motor neuron degeneration. Currently, there are approximately 25,000 patients with ALS in the USA, with an average age of onset of 55 years. The incidence and prevalence of ALS are 1-2 and 4-6 per 100,000 each year, respectively, with a lifetime ALS risk of 1/600 to 1/1000.

[Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea--an orthodontic perspective].

Sleep disturbed breathing in children, is a general term describing a wide range of respiratory disorders that occur during sleep, ranging from snoring to Obstructive Sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In recent years, the role of OSAS in a vast range of morbidities has been recognized, namely metabolic, neuro-cognitive and cardio-vascular disorders, thus emphasizing the importance of early detection. The recommended initial treatment for pediatric OSAS consists of surgical removal of adenoids and tonsils.