Personality and leadership: Meta-analytic review of cross-cultural moderation, behavioral mediation, and honesty-humility.

We advance the trait approach to leadership by leveraging a large multinational database on leader emergence ( = 120 samples, = 32,579) and leader effectiveness ( = 116, = 42,487) to extend Judge et al.'s (2002) classic meta-analysis of Big Five personality and leadership. By testing novel hypotheses rooted in culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory and socioanalytic theory, we offer three unique insights.

Adverse impact reduction and job performance optimization via pareto-optimal weighting: A shrinkage formula and regularization technique using machine learning.

In personnel selection practice, one useful technique for reducing adverse impact and enhancing diversity is the Pareto-optimal weighting approach of De Corte et al. (2007). This approach produces a series of hiring solutions that characterize a diversity-job performance trade-off and can lead to more optimal selection outcomes (sometimes doubling the number of job offers for minority applicants without changing the job performance outcomes of personnel selection).

Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership: Meta-Analysis and Explanatory Model of Female Leadership Advantage.

Emotional intelligence is a second-stratum factor of general intelligence (MacCann et al. 2014) that: (a) has been popularly touted as an essential individual difference for effective leadership (Goleman 1998), but also (b) exhibits large gender group differences favoring women (Joseph and Newman 2010). Combining these insights, we propose that emotional intelligence is a key mechanism in the so-called female leadership advantage (Eagly and Carli 2003-which emphasizes the finding that women are rated slightly higher in transformational leadership compared to men).

Teammate Invitation Networks: The Roles of Recommender Systems and Prior Collaboration in Team Assembly.

Teammate invitation networks are foundational for team assembly, and recommender systems (similar to dating websites, but for selecting potential teammates) can aid the formation of such networks. This paper extends Hinds, Carley, Krackhardt, and Wholey's (2000) influential model of team member selection by incorporating online recommender systems. Exponential random graph modeling of two samples (overall = 410; 63 teams; 1,048 invitations) shows the invitation network is predicted by online recommendations, beyond previously-established effects of prior collaboration/familiarity, skills/competence, and homophily.

Vocational interests and adverse impact: How attraction and selection on vocational interests relate to adverse impact potential.

The current research proposes to incorporate vocational interests into the study of adverse impact (i.e., differential hiring/selection rates between minority and majority groups in employment settings).

Diversity shrinkage: Cross-validating pareto-optimal weights to enhance diversity via hiring practices.

To reduce adverse impact potential and improve diversity outcomes from personnel selection, one promising technique is De Corte, Lievens, and Sackett's (2007) Pareto-optimal weighting strategy. De Corte et al.'s strategy has been demonstrated on (a) a composite of cognitive and noncognitive (e.

Explaining the black-white gap in cognitive test scores: Toward a theory of adverse impact.

In understanding the causes of adverse impact, a key parameter is the Black-White difference in cognitive test scores. To advance theory on why Black-White cognitive ability/knowledge test score gaps exist, and on how these gaps develop over time, the current article proposes an inductive explanatory model derived from past empirical findings. According to this theoretical model, Black-White group mean differences in cognitive test scores arise from the following racially disparate conditions: family income, maternal education, maternal verbal ability/knowledge, learning materials in the home, parenting factors (maternal sensitivity, maternal warmth and acceptance, and safe physical environment), child birth order, and child birth weight.

Gender differences in narcissism: a meta-analytic review.

Despite the widely held belief that men are more narcissistic than women, there has been no systematic review to establish the magnitude, variability across measures and settings, and stability over time of this gender difference. Drawing on the biosocial approach to social role theory, a meta-analysis performed for Study 1 found that men tended to be more narcissistic than women (d = .26; k = 355 studies; N = 470,846).

Why does self-reported emotional intelligence predict job performance? A meta-analytic investigation of mixed EI.

Recent empirical reviews have claimed a surprisingly strong relationship between job performance and self-reported emotional intelligence (also commonly called trait EI or mixed EI), suggesting self-reported/mixed EI is one of the best known predictors of job performance (e.g., ρ = .

Differential susceptibility to effects of maternal sensitivity? A study of candidate plasticity genes.

Here we tested whether there was genetic moderation of effects of early maternal sensitivity on social-emotional and cognitive-linguistic development from early childhood onward and whether any detected Gene × Environment interaction effects proved consistent with differential-susceptibility or diathesis-stress models of Person × Environment interaction (N = 695). Two new approaches for evaluating models were employed with 12 candidate genes. Whereas maternal sensitivity proved to be a consistent predictor of child functioning across the primary-school years, candidate genes did not show many main effects, nor did they tend to interact with maternal sensitivity/insensitivity.

Emotional intelligence is a second-stratum factor of intelligence: evidence from hierarchical and bifactor models.

This article examines the status of emotional intelligence (EI) within the structure of human cognitive abilities. To evaluate whether EI is a 2nd-stratum factor of intelligence, data were fit to a series of structural models involving 3 indicators each for fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, quantitative reasoning, visual processing, and broad retrieval ability, as well as 2 indicators each for emotion perception, emotion understanding, and emotion management. Unidimensional, multidimensional, hierarchical, and bifactor solutions were estimated in a sample of 688 college and community college students.

More than g: selection quality and adverse impact implications of considering second-stratum cognitive abilities.

When using cognitive tests, personnel selection practitioners typically face a trade-off between the expected job performance and diversity of new hires. We review the increasingly mainstream evidence that cognitive ability is a multidimensional and hierarchically ordered set of concepts, and examine the implications for both composite test validity and subgroup differences. Ultimately, we recommend a strategy for differentially weighting cognitive subtests (i.

Transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in younger patients has an equivocal survival advantage as compared with resection.

Whereas some investigators in the surgical field advocate liver resection for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) shows a significant survival advantage. Age was used to stratify survival in these groups to analyze beneficence. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1998-2008) was used to identify 2355 patients who underwent either a segmentectomy, lobectomy, or extended lobectomy (resection) and 1873 patients who underwent an OLT for HCC.

Distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress: recommendations for evaluating interaction effects.

This report describes the state of the art in distinguishing data generated by differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress models. We discuss several limitations of existing practices for probing interaction effects and offer solutions that are designed to better differentiate differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress models and quantify their corresponding implications. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of these methods by revisiting published evidence suggesting that temperamental difficulty serves as a marker of enhanced susceptibility to early maternal caregiving across a range of outcome domains in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development.

Maritime pre-hospital emergency care primary retrieval team--operational considerations.

This article examines the non clinical skills and training required for effective maritime pre-hospital emergency care provision within a Role Two Afloat facility, allowing for a Primary Retrieval Team to be deployed in support of boarding operations. The provision of pre-hospital emergency care and sending a retrieval team forward has been trialled in various forms. In 2010 and 2011 a R2A team was deployed aboard RFA FORT VICTORIA.

Fewer than 12 lymph nodes can be expected in a surgical specimen after high-dose chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer.

Purpose: Lymph node harvest of >or=12 has been adopted as a marker for adequacy of resection for colorectal cancer. We have noted a paucity of lymph nodes in rectal cancer specimens after neoadjuvant therapy, positing that the number of lymph nodes depends on the response to radiation and may not be an appropriate benchmark. Our purpose was to determine whether the number of lymph nodes harvested after neoadjuvant therapy is a useful quality indicator.

Using the bioecological model to predict risk perception of marijuana use and reported marijuana use in adolescence.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of the Bioecological Model (BEM) to predict adolescents' risk perception (RP) of marijuana use and reported marijuana use. The secondary aim of the study was to investigate the extent to which the BEM influenced adolescents' decision-making regarding marijuana use by exploring the BEM's ability to moderate the relationship between adolescents' RP of marijuana use and reported use.

Methods: Systems in the proposed BEM included variables from the literature proven to influence adolescents' health risk behaviors.

Emotional intelligence: an integrative meta-analysis and cascading model.

Research and valid practice in emotional intelligence (EI) have been impeded by lack of theoretical clarity regarding (a) the relative roles of emotion perception, emotion understanding, and emotion regulation facets in explaining job performance; (b) conceptual redundancy of EI with cognitive intelligence and Big Five personality; and (c) application of the EI label to 2 distinct sets of constructs (i.e., ability-based EI and mixed-based EI).

The stability of personality traits in individuals with borderline personality disorder.

Although stability and pervasive inflexibility are general criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) personality disorders (PDs), borderline PD (BPD) is characterized by instability in several domains, including interpersonal behavior, affect, and identity. The authors hypothesized that such inconsistencies notable in BPD may relate to instability at the level of the basic personality traits that are associated with this disorder. Five types of personality trait stability across 4 assessments over 6 years were compared for BPD patients (N = 130 at first interval) and patients with other PDs (N = 302).

Factorial invariance of child self-report across race/ethnicity groups: a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis approach utilizing the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales.

Purpose: In order to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) research findings across race/ethnicity subpopulations, it is important to demonstrate factorial invariance, i.e., that the items have equivalent meaning across the race/ethnicity groups studied.

Using factor analysis to confirm the validity of children's self-reported health-related quality of life across different modes of administration.

Background: The measurement of pediatric health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in pediatric medicine and health services research has grown significantly over the past decade. While HRQOL instruments are often administered in clinic settings, alternative modes of administration are also utilized such as mail and telephone surveys. In order for comparisons across in-person, mail, and telephone administration to be valid, items on a HRQOL measure must have equivalent meaning across mode of administration.

Recruitment efforts to reduce adverse impact: targeted recruiting for personality, cognitive ability, and diversity.

Noting the presumed tradeoff between diversity and performance goals in contemporary selection practice, the authors elaborate on recruiting-based methods for avoiding adverse impact while maintaining aggregate individual productivity. To extend earlier work on the primacy of applicant pool characteristics for resolving adverse impact, they illustrate the advantages of simultaneous cognitive ability- and personality-based recruiting. Results of an algebraic recruiting model support general recruiting for cognitive ability, combined with recruiting for conscientiousness within the underrepresented group.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for the treatment of rectal cancer: comparison of wound complication rates with and without neoadjuvant radiation therapy.

Background: Neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer has led to improved tumor downstaging and higher complete pathologic response rates. At the same time, the introduction of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) technique has renewed interest in local excision of rectal cancer. There has been concern that radiation may make the more radical local excision with TEM unsuitable.