Comparison of standard radiological risk models and using RESRAD to derive generic risk-based area factors for final status surveys.

The RESidual RADioactivity (RESRAD) computer code has been used for years to calculate carcinogenic risk and radiological dose from exposure to radionuclides. The basic ingestion, inhalation, and direct gamma intake equations used by RESRAD, Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS), and the Soil Screening Guidance for Radionuclides (SSG) are similar and can produce similar results, but there are some notable differences. Of particular interest is the fact that RESRAD incorporates sophisticated environmental transport models.

Stabilizing CO on Au with NO2: electronegative species as promoters on coinage metals?

CO adsorption on NO(2)-predosed Au[111] reveals an unexpected attractive coadsorbate interaction, associated with an unprecedented blueshift of the CO stretch frequency, a sizeable attenuation of the infrared NO(2) symmetric stretch band, and a (sq.rt(7) x sq.rt(7))R19 degrees structure characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction.

Cerebrovascular risk factors, executive dysfunction, and depression in older primary care patients.

Objective: "Executive" cognitive functions may be of particular clinical importance in geriatric depression and may reflect underlying cerebrovascular disease. This study examined the associations of selected components of executive function with cerebrovascular risk factors, depression, and overall functional status.

Method: Study measures were completed on 448 primary care patients aged>or=65 years based on patient interviews and medical chart review.

Myocardial infarction complicating critical illness.

Cardiac troponins are highly sensitive and specific indicators of myocardial injury. Although the mechanism of this injury is not entirely clear, it carries important prognostic information. Elevated serum levels of cardiac troponins have been described in a wide variety of conditions other than myocardial infarction (MI).

Innovative wholesale carcass fabrication and retail cutting to optimize beef value.

Innovations in beef carcass fabrication to improve subprimal yield, retail cut yield, and overall carcass value were evaluated. Alternating sides from 30 beef carcasses were assigned to either an innovative or conventional style of fabrication. The innovative method resulted in greater (P<0.

Depression, perceived family criticism, and functional status among older, primary-care patients.

Objective: Relatively little research has examined the role of family factors in later-life depression, particularly in the broad range of depressive conditions seen in primary care. Authors tested the hypotheses that 1) perceived family criticism is independently associated with depression, 2) that family criticism and depression are independently associated with functional disability, and 3) that perceived family criticism moderates the association between depression and functional disability.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 379 adults age > or =65 years from primary-care practices.

The role of cardiac troponin I as a prognosticator in critically ill medical patients: a prospective observational cohort study.

Introduction: Myocardial injury is frequently unrecognized in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a surrogate of myocardial injury, has been shown to correlate with outcome in selected groups of patients. We wanted to determine if cTnI level measured upon admission is an independent predictor of mortality in a heterogeneous group of critically ill medical patients.

Energy-dependent cancellation of diffraction spots due to surface roughening.

The low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern of the step-kinked Pt{531} surface at 200 K shows energy-dependent cancellation of diffraction spots over unusually large energy ranges, up to 100 eV. This cannot be reproduced theoretically when a flat surface geometry is assumed. A relatively simple model of roughening, however, involving 0.

Origin and activity of oxidized gold in water-gas-shift catalysis.

As a promising route for large-scale H2 production, the water-gas-shift reaction (WGS, CO + H(2)O-->CO(2) + H(2)) on ceria-supported Au catalysts is of enormous potential in efforts to move towards a hydrogen economy. Recent research suggests that this reaction is in fact catalyzed by Au cations instead of the conventionally regarded metallic Au particles. Here density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the presence of empty localized nonbonding f states in CeO2 permits the oxidation of Au, enabling subsequent CO adsorption.

Postmortem regulation of glycolysis by 6-phosphofructokinase in bovine M. Sternocephalicus pars mandibularis.

This experiment addressed the hypothesis that 6-phosphofructokinase (6-PFK) regulates glycolysis in postmortem in M. sternocephalicus pars mandibularis. In two separate experiments, muscle samples were excised from randomly-selected steers that would typically be found on a commercial slaughter floor.

Effects of pre-harvest supplemental chlorate on beef carcass and meat quality.

Effects of feeding sodium chlorate on carcass quality, tenderness and color stability were evaluated. Heifers (n=64) were fed chlorate at either 0.01% or 0.

Evaluation of peroxyacetic acid as a potential pre-grinding treatment for control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on beef trimmings.

Peroxyacetic acid was evaluated in four separate trials for ability to reduce populations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella serotype Typhimurium on fresh beef trim. Trial 1 examined the effectiveness of peroxyacetic acid on individual pieces of fresh beef trim. Trial 2 evaluated the efficacy of peroxyacetic acid at low levels of contamination on batches of fresh beef trim.

Evaluation of peroxyacetic acid as a post-chilling intervention for control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on beef carcass surfaces.

Four experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of peroxyacetic acid as a microbial intervention on beef carcass surfaces. In these experiments, beef carcass surfaces were inoculated with fecal material (no pathogens) or fecal material containing rifampicin-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. Inoculated surfaces were subjected to a simulated carcass wash with and without 2% l-lactic acid treatment before chilling.

High voltage electrical stimulation enhances muscle tenderness, increases aging response, and improves muscle color from cabrito carcasses.

Our study examined high and low voltage electrical stimulation and postmortem storage as strategies to improve tenderness and lean color in cabrito carcasses. Boer cross (n=60) kids were assigned to either high (550 V), low (20 V), or no electrical stimulation treatments. No differences in muscle temperature were observed between treatments at any time measured.

Role of nanostructured dual-oxide supports in enhanced catalytic activity: theory of CO oxidation over Au/IrO2/TiO2.

The synergetic effect in multicomponent catalysts is a topic of profound industrial importance and intense academic interest. On a newly identified multicomponent catalyst, Au/IrO(2)/TiO(2), first-principles density-functional theory is analyzed to clarify the outstanding catalytic activity of the system for oxidative reactions at high temperatures. By comparing CO oxidation on interfaces and single-component surfaces, it is revealed that a high dispersion of a more active oxide (IrO2), on a more inert oxide (TiO2) is the key.

Direct sticking and differential adsorption heats as probes of structural transitions: O2 on the stepped Ni[211] surface.

Coverage-dependent heats of adsorption and sticking probabilities for oxygen on Ni[211] have been measured at 300 K using single-crystal adsorption calorimetry. The data are consistent with a switch from dissociative chemisorption at low coverage to oxide formation above 2 ML adatom coverage. The initial heat of adsorption is 620 kJ mol(-)(1), considerably higher than for any low Miller index nickel surface; this is attributed to the presence of low coordination step atoms that are preferably occupied up to 1 ML.

The emergence of "family integrity" in later life.

In contrast to the rich and abundant literature on the early stages of the family life cycle, there are relatively few theoretical accounts of family developmental processes in the second half of life. In an effort to address this imbalance, we introduce the concept of "family integrity" to refer to the ultimate, positive outcome of an older adult's developmental striving toward meaning, connection, and continuity within his or her multigenerational family. Subjectively, for the older adult, family integrity may be experienced as a deep and abiding sense of peace and/or satisfaction with his or her multigenerational family relationships, past, present, and future.

Driving forces for self-organized coadsorption: C6H6/2O and C6H6/2CO on Ni[111].

The self-organized (2log3 x 2log3) coadsorbed phases of C(6)H(6) with O and with CO are investigated within first-principles density functional theory. The main driving force for formation of the C(6)H(6)/2O phase is found to be the reduction of O adatom repulsive interactions, while for the C(6)H(6)/2CO phase it is the interspecies attractive interactions and benzene-benzene repulsive interactions which are most important.

Car exhaust catalysis from first principles: selective NO reduction under excess O2 conditions on Ir.

Combining energetic data from density functional theory with thermodynamic calculations, we have studied in detail selective NO reduction under excess O2 conditions on Ir. We show that excess O2 can readily poison the Ir catalyst for NO reduction and the poisoning starts from a low O coverage on the surface. The adsorbed O switches the reaction selectivity from reduction (N2 production) to oxidation (NO2 production).

Positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols from subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs fed diets enriched with conjugated linoleic acid, corn oil, or beef tallow.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary beef tallow, corn oil, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the distribution of fatty acids among positions within triacylglycerols. Crossbred barrows (n=6 per treatment group) received diets containing 1.5% beef tallow, 1.

Broadband femtosecond sum-frequency spectroscopy of CO on Ru1010 in the frequency and time domains.

CO on Ru[1010] was investigated by broadband femtosecond sum-frequency spectroscopy at 200 K. Approximately half of the frequency shift of 71 cm(-1) over the coverage range from 0.15 to 1.

Why is silver catalytically active for NO reduction? A unique pathway via an inverted (NO)2 dimer.

NO reduction on the noble metal Ag has been studied using density functional theory calculations. It was found that monomeric NO dissociation is subject to prohibitive barriers on Ag metal and is thus unlikely to account for the experimental observations for NO reduction over Ag-based catalysts. For the first time, a mechanism via an inverted (NO)(2) dimer is identified, which can explain both the high activity and the selectivity of this catalytic system.