Micropinch formation dynamics in X pinches.

High temporal resolution x-ray streak camera studies of micropinch formation in Cu hybrid x pinches reveal key plasma conditions. Analysis of Ne-like Cu lines indicate an average electron temperature of about 200 eV and 4.5×10^{28}m^{-3} electron density.

Inhibition of Mac-1 allows human macrophages to migrate against the direction of shear flow on ICAM-1.

All immune cells must transit from the blood to distal sites such as the lymph nodes, bone marrow, or sites of infection. Blood borne monocytes traffic to the site of inflammation by adhering to the endothelial surface and migrating along endothelial intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by their ligand's macrophage 1 antigen (Mac-1) and lymphocyte functional antigen 1 (LFA-1) to transmigrate through the endothelium. Poor patient prognoses in chronic inflammation and tumors have been attributed to the hyper recruitment of certain types of macrophages.

Donor Limb Functional Restoration via a Novel Clinical Care Pathway following Fibula Free Flap Harvest for Head and Neck Reconstruction.

Patients undergoing head and neck skeletal reconstruction (HNR) often require free tissue transfer from the extremities to ensure proper restoration of form and function. This requires a team-based, highly reliable medical system centered around the patient needs. Surgical intervention across multiple sites and harvesting of donor tissue results in short- and long-term physical impairments.

A microfluidic platform for the synthesis of polymer and polymer-protein-based protocells.

In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of polymersomes, protein-blended polymersomes, and polymeric microcapsules using droplet microfluidics. Polymersomes with uniform, single bilayers and controlled diameters are assembled from water-in-oil-in-water double-emulsion droplets. This technique relies on adjusting the interfacial energies of the droplet to completely separate the polymer-stabilized inner core from the oil shell.

Immediate dental rehabilitation in fibula free flaps for malignancy: Is it feasible?

Background: Fibula free flap reconstruction has revolutionized maxillofacial reconstruction. While immediate dental rehabilitation with dental implants and teeth has shown benefits, it remains uncommon, especially for patients with malignancy.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study at a single institution explored immediate dental rehabilitation in fibula flaps for patients with malignant disease.

Determinants that enable disordered protein assembly into discrete condensed phases.

Cells harbour numerous mesoscale membraneless compartments that house specific biochemical processes and perform distinct cellular functions. These protein- and RNA-rich bodies are thought to form through multivalent interactions among proteins and nucleic acids, resulting in demixing via liquid-liquid phase separation. Proteins harbouring intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) predominate in membraneless organelles.

Not all (cells) who wander are lost: Upstream migration as a pervasive mode of amoeboid cell motility.

Leukocytes possess the ability to migrate upstream-against the direction of flow-on surfaces of specific chemistry. Upstream migration was first characterized for T-cells on surfaces comprised of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Upstream migration occurs when the integrin receptor αβ (also known as lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, or LFA-1) binds to ICAM-1.

Dental prosthesis extraoral indexing and pick-up technique for mandibular full arch immediate rehabilitation in fibula free flap reconstruction.

Same-day ablative and reconstructive surgeries for the treatment of head and neck pathologies are gaining in popularity with the recognition that single-day surgeries reduce morbidity and increase quality of life. Implant-borne prosthetics on the donor graft provide immediate dental reconstruction. This report describes a novel technique for extraoral pickup of a full arch immediate prosthesis from the donor site free flap.

Asymmetry-Enhanced Motion of Urease-Powered Micromotors from Double Emulsion-Templated Microcapsules.

Autonomous motion of enzyme-powered motors has important implications for drug delivery, cell-cell communication, and protocell engineering. Although many of these systems are inspired by the motion of biological cells, most of them lack key structural features, like micrometer-sized boundaries and aqueous compartments, and rely on bubble propulsion to generation motion. In this study, we use droplet microfluidics to generate large populations of cell-sized microcapsules with poly(lactic--glycolic acid) shells and functionalize their surfaces with the enzyme urease to drive their motion.

Determinants of Disordered Protein Co-Assembly Into Discrete Condensed Phases.

Cells harbor numerous mesoscale membraneless compartments that house specific biochemical processes and perform distinct cellular functions. These protein and RNA-rich bodies are thought to form through multivalent interactions among proteins and nucleic acids resulting in demixing via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Proteins harboring intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) predominate in membraneless organelles.

The Clinical Observership Program: A Valuable Experience for Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Residents.

Purpose: Training during oral and maxillofacial surgery residency must include exposure to the scope of the specialty, but success in practice often requires particular experience and knowledge of complex oral regenerative procedures such as bone grafting and implant surgery, as well as practice management. Osteo Science Foundation created the Clinical Observership Program (COP) in 2017 to provide residents the opportunity to spend several weeks in an established oral and maxillofacial surgery practice to increase experience in these areas. The purpose of this study is to report the results of a survey of all resident participants in the COP from 2017 to 2021 in which participants were asked to rate their experience numerically.

Recombinant Protein Micelles to Block Transduction by SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus.

The continuing emergence of variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires the development of modular molecular therapies. Here, we engineered a recombinant amphiphilic protein, oleosin, to spontaneously self-assemble into multivalent micellar nanostructures which can block the Spike S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses (PVs). Short recombinant proteins like oleosin can be formulated more easily than antibodies and can be functionalized with precision through genetic engineering.

Protein Condensate Formation via Controlled Multimerization of Intrinsically Disordered Sequences.

Many proteins harboring low complexity or intrinsically disordered sequences (IDRs) are capable of undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation to form mesoscale condensates that function as biochemical niches with the ability to concentrate or sequester macromolecules and regulate cellular activity. Engineered disordered proteins have been used to generate programmable synthetic membraneless organelles in cells. Phase separation is governed by the strength of interactions among polypeptides with multivalency enhancing phase separation at lower concentrations.

Incorporation and Assembly of a Light-Emitting Enzymatic Reaction into Model Protein Condensates.

Eukaryotic cells partition enzymes and other cellular components into distinct subcellular compartments to generate specialized biochemical niches. A subclass of these compartments form in the absence of lipid membranes, via liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins to form biomolecular condensates or "membraneless organelles" such as nucleoli, stress granules, and P-bodies. Because of their propensity to form compartments from simple starting materials, membraneless organelles are an attractive target for engineering new functionalities in both living cells and protocells.

Integrin cross-talk modulates stiffness-independent motility of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

To carry out their physiological responsibilities, CD4+ T lymphocytes interact with various tissues of different mechanical properties. Recent studies suggest that T cells migrate upstream on surfaces expressing intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) through interaction with leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (αβ) (LFA-1) integrins. LFA-1 likely behaves as a mechanosensor, and thus we hypothesized that substrate mechanics might affect the ability of LFA-1 to support upstream migration of T cells under flow.

Multivariable Dependence of Acoustic Contrast of Fluorocarbon and Xenon Microbubbles under Flow.

Microbubbles (MBs) are 1 to 10 µm gas particles stabilized by an amphiphilic shell capable of responding to biomedical ultrasound with strong acoustic signals, allowing them to be commonly used in ultrasound imaging and therapy. The composition of both the shell and the core determines their stability and acoustic properties. While there has been extensive characterization of the dissolution, oscillation, cavitation, collapse and therefore, ultrasound contrast of MBs under static conditions, few reports have examined such behavior under hydrodynamic flow.

Immediate Teeth in Fibulas: Expanded Clinical Applications and Surgical Technique.

Purpose: The placement of immediate implants and teeth during jaw reconstruction using a fibula free flap has increased in recent years. Modifications of traditional fibula reconstructive techniques are needed to maximize success. This technique has not been described in patients requiring simultaneous soft tissue reconstruction.

Time-resolved investigation of subnanosecond radiation from Al wire hybrid X pinches.

K-shell x-ray spectra from Al wire hybrid X pinches have been studied using an x-ray streak camera with better than 0.1-ns time resolution together with a Focusing Spectrograph with Spatial Resolution (FSSR) spectrograph. High-intensity radiation with a continuumlike spectrum was observed in the subnanosecond initial phase of the x-ray pulse generated by the hybrid X pinch (HXP).

LFA-1 signals to promote actin polymerization and upstream migration in T cells.

T cell entry into inflamed tissue requires firm adhesion, cell spreading, and migration along and through the endothelial wall. These events require the T cell integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4 and their endothelial ligands ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, respectively. T cells migrate against the direction of shear flow on ICAM-1 and with the direction of shear flow on VCAM-1, suggesting that these two ligands trigger distinct cellular responses.

Stabilization of Liner Implosions via a Dynamic Screw Pinch.

Magnetically driven implosions are susceptible to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, including the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability (MRTI). To reduce MRTI growth in solid-metal liner implosions, the use of a dynamic screw pinch (DSP) has been proposed [P. F.

Immediate Teeth in Fibulas: Planning and Digital Workflow With Point-of-Care 3D Printing.

Purpose: Point-of-care 3-dimensional (3D) printing has become more common in recent years because many hospitals have created 3D printing laboratories. Traditional techniques to fabricate an immediate dental prosthesis for fibula and implant reconstructions have involved outsourcing to dental laboratories. This results in delays, making it suitable only for benign disease.

Identifying sequence perturbations to an intrinsically disordered protein that determine its phase-separation behavior.

Phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) commonly underlies the formation of membraneless organelles, which compartmentalize molecules intracellularly in the absence of a lipid membrane. Identifying the protein sequence features responsible for IDP phase separation is critical for understanding physiological roles and pathological consequences of biomolecular condensation, as well as for harnessing phase separation for applications in bioinspired materials design. To expand our knowledge of sequence determinants of IDP phase separation, we characterized variants of the intrinsically disordered RGG domain from LAF-1, a model protein involved in phase separation and a key component of P granules.