A universal immunohistochemistry analyzer for generalizing AI-driven assessment of immunohistochemistry across immunostains and cancer types.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the common companion diagnostics in targeted therapies. However, quantifying protein expressions in IHC images present a significant challenge, due to variability in manual scoring and inherent subjective interpretation. Deep learning (DL) offers a promising approach to address these issues, though current models require extensive training for each cancer and IHC type, limiting the practical application.

Automatic Virtual Contrast-Enhanced CT Synthesis Using Dual-Energy CT and Residual U-Net with Attention Module for Detecting Pulmonary Hilar Lymphadenopathy.

Rationale And Objectives: To propose an automatic virtual contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) synthesis using dual-energy CT and a Residual U-Net with an attention module to detect clinically significant hilar lymphadenopathy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2082 patients who underwent dual-energy chest CT scans. Our approach utilized a Residual U-Net combined with a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to transform non-contrast CT images into virtual contrast-enhanced CT images.

Chitosan-Functionalized Lithium Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications.

In this study, various compositions of α-FeO, LiFeO, where = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.

Hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction and early detection in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease.

The rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its more severe form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is closely linked with a heightened risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the elevated risk of HCC in patients with MASLD, the existing surveillance guidelines are inadequate, particularly for those without cirrhosis. This review evaluates current HCC surveillance practices in patients with MASLD and their shortcomings.

Protein Biomarkers of Adverse Clinical Features and Events in Sarcomeric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous condition that can lead to atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death in many individuals but mild clinical impact in others. The mechanisms underlying this phenotypic heterogeneity are not well defined. The aim of this study was to use plasma proteomic profiling to help illuminate biomarkers that reflect or inform the heterogeneity observed in HCM.

2D porous hexaniobate-bismuth vanadate hybrid photocatalyst for photodegradation of aquatic refractory pollutants.

Metal oxide semiconductors are highly promising due to their excellent photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of industrial waste containing refractory chemical compounds. A hybrid structure with other semiconductors provides improved photocatalytic performance. In this work, porous and two-dimensional (2D) hexaniobate-bismuth vanadate (Nb-BiVO) Z-scheme hybrid photocatalysts are synthesized by chemical solution growth (CSG) of BiVO over electrophoretically deposited Nb thin films.

Outcomes of Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant Recipients With HHV-6B Reactivation.

Background: Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) frequently reactivates following allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloHCT). Consensus guidelines note that haploidentical alloHCT may represent a high-risk population for which there is little evidence; this warrants further investigation.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated 188 consecutive adult patients receiving haploidentical alloHCT between 11/2014 and 11/2020 and compared outcomes between patients with HHV-6B reactivation receiving targeted antiviral therapy and those who were clinically observed.

Molecular Design of Encapsulin Protein Nanoparticles to Display Rotavirus Antigens for Enhancing Immunogenicity.

Rotavirus considerably threatens global health, particularly for children <5 years. Current, licensed oral attenuated vaccine formulations have limitations including insufficient efficacy in children in low- and middle-income countries, warranting urgent development of novel vaccines with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Herein, we present a novel approach utilizing an encapsulin (ENC) nanoparticle (NP)-based non-replicating rotavirus vaccine.

Agonist antibody to guanylate cyclase receptor NPR1 regulates vascular tone.

Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Elevated intracardiac pressures and myocyte stretch in heart failure trigger the release of counter-regulatory natriuretic peptides, which act through their receptor (NPR1) to affect vasodilation, diuresis and natriuresis, lowering venous pressures and relieving venous congestion. Recombinant natriuretic peptide infusions were developed to treat heart failure but have been limited by a short duration of effect.

Placement of 2 cages using navigation-guided biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: illustrative case.

Background: In recent developments, full endoscopic and unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery have emerged to aid the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure. Yet, both approaches present a challenge due to limited space for cage insertion, potentially leading to complications such as cage subsidence or nonfusion in long-term assessments. Utilizing double cages may mitigate these concerns.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications for Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in Low-Resource Settings: A Scoping Review.

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) have ushered in new possibilities for medical diagnostics in low-resource settings. This review explores the current landscape of AI applications in POCUS across these environments, analyzing studies sourced from three databases-SCOPUS, PUBMED, and Google Scholars. Initially, 1196 records were identified, of which 1167 articles were excluded after a two-stage screening, leaving 29 unique studies for review.

Diagnostic ability of [F]FDG PET/CT for distinguishing benign from malignant spleen lesions.

Objectives: [F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a non-invasive imaging modality used in the differential diagnosis of splenic lesions, although ideal parameters and thresholds remain unclear. The present study evaluated the ability of [F]FDG PET/CT, including its visual and quantitative parameters, to differentiate between benign and malignant splenic lesions.

Methods: Patients who underwent [F]FDG PET/CT following the detection of splenic lesions on contrast-enhanced CT were retrospectively analysed.

Multimodal Imaging Approach for Tumor Treatment Response Evaluation in the Era of Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is likely the most remarkable advancement in lung cancer treatment during the past decade. Although immunotherapy provides substantial benefits, their therapeutic responses differ from those of conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy, and some patients present unique immunotherapy response patterns that cannot be judged under the current measurement standards. Therefore, the response monitoring of immunotherapy can be challenging, such as the differentiation between real response and pseudo-response.

Interventional Radiology for Bleeding Ectopic Varices: Individualized Approach Based on Vascular Anatomy.

Ectopic varices are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions usually resulting from a combination of global portal hypertension and local occlusive components. As imaging, innovative devices, and interventional radiologic techniques evolve and are more widely adopted, interventional radiology is becoming essential in the management of ectopic varices. The interventional radiologist starts by diagnosing the underlying causes of portal hypertension and evaluating the afferent and efferent veins of ectopic varices with CT.

Validity of the BOT-2 Short Form for Korean School-Age Children: A Preliminary Study.

The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) is the most common motor assessment in Korea. The BOT-2-Short Form (SF) is preferred over the complete form (CF) in settings with limited time. The present study aimed to assess the validity of the BOT-2 SF in Korean school-age children.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of nail matrix topography for preservative nail surgery of nail unit melanoma.

Recently, functional or preservative surgery has been preferred for nail unit melanoma; however, complete resection of the nail unit, particularly the matrix, is challenging because of its complex structure. This study aims to measure the distance of important nail structures through ultrasonography. Herein, 14 patients without nail deformity were included.

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Exome Sequencing Diagnosis in Patients With Neurologic Phenotypes Facing Barriers to Clinical Testing.

Background And Objectives: Exome sequencing (ES) demonstrates a 20-50 percent diagnostic yield for patients with a suspected monogenic neurologic disease. Despite the proven efficacy in achieving a diagnosis for such patients, multiple barriers for obtaining exome sequencing remain. This study set out to assess the efficacy of ES in patients with primary neurologic phenotypes who were appropriate candidates for testing but had been unable to pursue clinical testing.