Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Based on Distance from Haptic to Principal Object Plane.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of the distance from the most-anterior surface of the optic to the principal object plane (POP) and from the foremost haptic to the principal object plane (H-POP) on the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.

Setting: A tertiary hospital.

Design: Optical simulation and retrospective cross-sectional study.

A universal immunohistochemistry analyzer for generalizing AI-driven assessment of immunohistochemistry across immunostains and cancer types.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the common companion diagnostics in targeted therapies. However, quantifying protein expressions in IHC images present a significant challenge, due to variability in manual scoring and inherent subjective interpretation. Deep learning (DL) offers a promising approach to address these issues, though current models require extensive training for each cancer and IHC type, limiting the practical application.

Molecular Design of Encapsulin Protein Nanoparticles to Display Rotavirus Antigens for Enhancing Immunogenicity.

Rotavirus considerably threatens global health, particularly for children <5 years. Current, licensed oral attenuated vaccine formulations have limitations including insufficient efficacy in children in low- and middle-income countries, warranting urgent development of novel vaccines with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Herein, we present a novel approach utilizing an encapsulin (ENC) nanoparticle (NP)-based non-replicating rotavirus vaccine.

Effectiveness of mixed reality-based rehabilitation on hands and fingers by individual finger-movement tracking in patients with stroke.

Background: Mixed reality (MR) is helpful in hand training for patients with stroke, allowing them to fully submerge in a virtual space while interacting with real objects. The recognition of individual finger movements is required for MR rehabilitation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of updated MR-board 2, adding finger training for patients with stroke.

Multimodal Imaging Approach for Tumor Treatment Response Evaluation in the Era of Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is likely the most remarkable advancement in lung cancer treatment during the past decade. Although immunotherapy provides substantial benefits, their therapeutic responses differ from those of conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy, and some patients present unique immunotherapy response patterns that cannot be judged under the current measurement standards. Therefore, the response monitoring of immunotherapy can be challenging, such as the differentiation between real response and pseudo-response.

Interventional Radiology for Bleeding Ectopic Varices: Individualized Approach Based on Vascular Anatomy.

Ectopic varices are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions usually resulting from a combination of global portal hypertension and local occlusive components. As imaging, innovative devices, and interventional radiologic techniques evolve and are more widely adopted, interventional radiology is becoming essential in the management of ectopic varices. The interventional radiologist starts by diagnosing the underlying causes of portal hypertension and evaluating the afferent and efferent veins of ectopic varices with CT.

Validity of the BOT-2 Short Form for Korean School-Age Children: A Preliminary Study.

The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) is the most common motor assessment in Korea. The BOT-2-Short Form (SF) is preferred over the complete form (CF) in settings with limited time. The present study aimed to assess the validity of the BOT-2 SF in Korean school-age children.

Evaluation of retrieval accuracy and visual similarity in content-based image retrieval of chest CT for obstructive lung disease.

The aim of our study was to assess the performance of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) for similar chest computed tomography (CT) in obstructive lung disease. This retrospective study included patients with obstructive lung disease who underwent volumetric chest CT scans. The CBIR database included 600 chest CT scans from 541 patients.

Existing Nongated CT Coronary Calcium Predicts Operative Risk in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgeries (ENCORES).

Background: Preoperative cardiovascular risk stratification before noncardiac surgery is a common clinical challenge. Coronary artery calcium scores from ECG-gated chest computed tomography (CT) imaging are associated with perioperative events. At the time of preoperative evaluation, many patients will not have had ECG-gated CT imaging, but will have had nongated chest CT studies performed for a variety of noncardiac indications.

Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided or Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The OCTIVUS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Intravascular imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed superior clinical outcomes compared with angiography-guided PCI. However, the comparative effectiveness of OCT-guided and IVUS-guided PCI regarding clinical outcomes is unknown.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, open-label, pragmatic trial, we randomly assigned 2008 patients with significant coronary artery lesions undergoing PCI in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either an OCT-guided or IVUS-guided PCI.

The Effect of the Mixed Extract of Nakai and Nakai on the Improvement of Degenerative Osteoarthritis through Inflammation Inhibition in the Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Mouse Model.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and, due to the lack of fundamental treatment, the main objective is to alleviate pain and prevent cartilage damage. Nakai and Nakai are herbal plants known for their excellent anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study is to confirm the potential of a mixture extract of Nakai and Nakai as a functional raw material for improving osteoarthritis through anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages and MIA-induced arthritis experimental animals.

Targeted and high-throughput gene knockdown in diverse bacteria using synthetic sRNAs.

Synthetic sRNAs allow knockdown of target genes at translational level, but have been restricted to a limited number of bacteria. Here, we report the development of a broad-host-range synthetic sRNA (BHR-sRNA) platform employing the RoxS scaffold and the Hfq chaperone from Bacillus subtilis. BHR-sRNA is tested in 16 bacterial species including commensal, probiotic, pathogenic, and industrial bacteria, with >50% of target gene knockdown achieved in 12 bacterial species.

Prognosis and the Effect of De-Escalation of Antiplatelet Therapy After Nuisance Bleeding in Patients With Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Data regarding prognosis and management after nuisance bleeding (NB) is limited. The purpose was to examine the prognostic significance of NB in patients receiving potent dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) after acute myocardial infarction and the impact of de-escalation of DAPT on clinical outcomes thereafter.

Methods: From the TALOS-AMI trial (Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Stabilized Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction)' 2583 patients were used to investigate the clinical impact of NB (defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC] 1 bleeding) during 1-month treatment with ticagrelor-based DAPT after acute myocardial infarction.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Whole-Slide Image Analyzer Reveals a Distinctive Distribution of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Despite the importance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and PD-L1 expression to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response, a comprehensive assessment of these biomarkers has not yet been conducted in neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN). We collected 218 NENs from multiple organs, including 190 low/intermediate-grade NENs and 28 high-grade NENs. TIL distribution was derived from Lunit SCOPE IO, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) analyzer, as developed from 17,849 whole slide images.

Covert Brain Infarction as a Risk Factor for Stroke Recurrence in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: We aimed to evaluate covert brain infarction (CBI), frequently encountered during the diagnostic work-up of acute ischemic stroke, as a risk factor for stroke recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: For this prospective cohort study, from patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized at 14 centers between 2017 and 2019, we enrolled AF patients without history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and divided them into the CBI (+) and CBI (-) groups. The 2 groups were compared regarding the 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality using the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model with nonstroke death as a competing risk and the Cox frailty model, respectively.

Routine Functional Testing or Standard Care in High-Risk Patients after PCI.

Background: There are limited data from randomized trials to guide a specific follow-up surveillance approach after myocardial revascularization. Whether a follow-up strategy that includes routine functional testing improves clinical outcomes among high-risk patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncertain.

Methods: We randomly assigned 1706 patients with high-risk anatomical or clinical characteristics who had undergone PCI to a follow-up strategy of routine functional testing (nuclear stress testing, exercise electrocardiography, or stress echocardiography) at 1 year after PCI or to standard care alone.