Assessment of intratumor heterogeneity for preoperatively predicting the invasiveness of pulmonary adenocarcinomas manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules.

Background: The increased use of low-dose computed tomography (CT) for lung cancer screening has improved the detection of ground-glass nodules. However, as the clinical utility of CT findings to predict the invasiveness of pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) is currently limited, differentiating pGGNs that indicate invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) from those that represent other histological entities is challenging. We aimed to quantify intratumor heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinomas characterized by pGGNs on CT to assess its efficacy in predicting IACs before surgery.

Brain aging rejuvenation factors in adults with genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative disease.

The largest risk factor for dementia is age. Heterochronic blood exchange studies have uncovered age-related blood factors that demonstrate 'pro-aging' or 'pro-youthful' effects on the mouse brain. The clinical relevance and combined effects of these factors for humans is unclear.

Enabling next-generation engineered TCR-T therapies based on high-throughput TCR discovery from diagnostic tumor biopsies.

Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate tumor regression, including complete and durable responses, in a range of solid cancers, most notably in melanoma. However, its wider application and efficacy has been restricted by the limited accessibility, proliferative capacity and effector function of tumor-specific TIL. Here, we develop a platform for the efficient identification of tumor-specific TCR genes from diagnostic tumor biopsies, including core-needle biopsies frozen in a non-viable format, to enable engineered T cell therapy.

Enhanced bioaccessibility of cyclolinopeptides via zein-cyclodextrin nanoparticles: Simulated gastrointestinal digestion and cellular uptake study.

Cyclolinopeptides (CLS) are hydrophobic cyclic peptides in flaxseed with multiple bioactive activities. This study developed zein (Z)-cyclodextrin (CD) binary nanoparticles (NPs) as an oral delivery system for CLS. Z-CD NP had a smaller diameter (D) and better encapsulation effect on CLS.

Effectiveness of Synchronous Postdischarge Contacts on Health Care Use and Patient Satisfaction : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Postdischarge contacts (PDCs) after hospitalization are common practice, but their effectiveness in reducing use of acute care after discharge remains unclear.

Purpose: To assess the effects of PDC on 30-day emergency department (ED) visits, 30-day hospital readmissions, and patient satisfaction.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL searched from 2012 to 25 May 2023.

A bibliometric analysis of research trends and hotspots of pilocytic astrocytoma from 2004 to 2023.

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a WHO grade I neoplasm with a favorable prognosis. It is the most common pediatric benign tumor. Recently, PA has attracted more and more attention and discussion from scholars.

Perfusion Showdown: Comparison of Multiple MRI Perfusion Techniques in the Grading of Pediatric Brain Tumors.

Background And Purpose: There are multiple MRI perfusion techniques, with limited available literature comparing these techniques in the grading of pediatric brain tumors. For efficiency and limiting scan time, ideally only one MRI perfusion technique can be used in initial imaging. We compared DSC, DCE, and IVIM along with ADC from DWI for differentiating high versus low grade pediatric brain tumors.

Do emergency Medicaid programs improve post-discharge health care access for trauma patients? A statewide mixed-methods study.

Background: Hospital presumptive eligibility (HPE) emergency Medicaid programs offset patient bills at hospitalization and can provide long-term Medicaid coverage. We characterized postdischarge outpatient health care utilization among HPE Medicaid trauma patients and identified patient access facilitators and barriers once newly insured. We hypothesized utilization would be increased among HPE trauma patients compared with other HPE patients, but that challenges in access to care would remain.

Comparative Efficacy of Non-contrast vs. Contrast-enhanced CT Radiomics in Predicting Coronary Artery Plaques Among Patients with Low Agatston Scores.

Rationale And Objectives: Patients with a low Agatston score often present with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease, despite having minimal calcium deposits. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of low-dose non-contrast cardiac CT with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) radiomics for predicting coronary artery plaques, using CCTA as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 459 patients with suspected coronary artery disease and a coronary artery calcium score < 100 Agatston units, who were treated between June 2021 and December 2023 at a tertiary hospital.

METTL4-Mediated Mitochondrial DNA N6-Methyldeoxyadenosine Promoting Macrophage Inflammation and Atherosclerosis.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the development of atherogenesis. METTL4 (methyltransferase-like protein 4) mediates N6- methyldeoxyadenosine (6mA) of mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). However, the role of METTL4-mediated mitoepigenetic regulation in atherosclerosis is still unknown.

π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body.

The human body contains trillions of cells, classified into specific cell types, with diverse morphologies and functions. In addition, cells of the same type can assume different states within an individual's body during their lifetime. Understanding the complexities of the proteome in the context of a human organism and its many potential states is a necessary requirement to understanding human biology, but these complexities can neither be predicted from the genome, nor have they been systematically measurable with available technologies.

Adjunctive Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Subdural Hematoma.

Background: Subacute and chronic subdural hematomas are common and frequently recur after surgical evacuation. The effect of adjunctive middle meningeal artery embolization on the risk of reoperation remains unclear.

Methods: In a prospective, multicenter, interventional, adaptive-design trial, we randomly assigned patients with symptomatic subacute or chronic subdural hematoma with an indication for surgical evacuation to undergo middle meningeal artery embolization plus surgery (treatment group) or surgery alone (control group).

Stakeholder Perspectives on a Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Polypill: A Multi-Center Mixed Methods Study.

Background: A polypill containing all 4 classes of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has been proposed to change the heart failure treatment paradigm. The acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of a HFrEF polypill-based strategy are unknown. The purpose of this study was to elicit patients' and providers' priorities in the design of HFrEF polypills.

Predicting Short-term and Long-term Efficacy of HIFU Treatment for Uterine Fibroids Based on Clinical Information and MRI: A Retrospective Study.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to address the challenge of predicting treatment outcomes for patients with uterine fibroids undergoing high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation. We developed medical-assisted diagnostic models to accurately predict the ablation rates and volume reduction rates, thus assessing both short-term and long-term treatment effects of fibroids.

Materials And Methods: For the ablation rate prediction, our study included 348 fibroids, categorized into 181 fully ablated and 167 inadequately ablated fibroids.

Interacting Emission Species among Donor and Acceptor Moieties in a Donor-Grafted Polymer Host/TADF-Guest System and Their Effects on Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-based electroluminescence (EL) devices adopting a host/guest strategy in their emitting layer (EML) are capable of realizing high efficiency. However, TADF emitters composed of donor and acceptor moieties as guests dispersed in organic host materials containing a donor and/or an acceptor are subject to donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions. In addition, electron delocalization between neighboring emitter molecules could form different species of aggregates.

Reflection function, reflectance, and area function measurements in ears of children and adults.

The main experiment concerned time-domain measurements of the acoustical reflection function (RF) of the human ear in adults and children (aged 5 to 8 years) using a probe inserted into the ear canal. This RF was used to calculate the area function of the ear canal versus distance along its centerline. Acoustical reflectance was calculated in the frequency domain from the RF, as was the difference in sound pressure level near the tympanic membrane relative to the probe tip.

Shear-Sensing by C-Reactive Protein: Linking Aortic Stenosis and Inflammation.

Background: CRP (C-reactive protein) is a prototypical acute phase reactant. Upon dissociation of the pentameric isoform (pCRP [pentameric CRP]) into its monomeric subunits (mCRP [monomeric CRP]), it exhibits prothrombotic and proinflammatory activity. Pathophysiological shear rates as observed in aortic valve stenosis (AS) can influence protein conformation and function as observed with vWF (von Willebrand factor).

Discovery of Coumarins from var. as and Their Potential against Rheumatoid Arthritis.

In the present study, a series of coumarins, including eight undescribed bis-isoprenylated ones Spinifoliumin A-H, were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of var. (ZDS), a plant revered in traditional Chinese medicine, particularly for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The structures of the compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, complemented by ECD, [Rh(OCOCF)]-induced ECD, Mo(OAc) induced ECD, IR, and HR-ESI-MS mass spectrometry.

Fractal-Dependent Growth of Solidlike Condensates.

The phenomenon of droplet growth occurs in various industrial and natural processes. Recently, the discovery of liquidlike condensates within cells has sparked an increasing interest in understanding their growth behaviors. These condensates exhibit varying material properties that are closely related to many cellular functions and diseases, particularly during the phase transition from liquidlike droplets to solidlike aggregates.