Glyphosate exposure and preterm birth: A nested case-control pilot study.

Preterm birth (PTB) is associated with a high risk of infant mortality and long-term adverse health effects. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide applied in agricultural and non-agricultural settings. Studies suggested an association between maternal exposure to glyphosate and PTB among mostly racially homogenous populations, though results were inconsistent.

Critical Quantum Metrology in the Non-Linear Quantum Rabi Model.

The quantum Rabi model (QRM) with linear coupling between light mode and qubit exhibits the analog of a second-order phase transition for vanishing mode frequency which allows for criticality-enhanced quantum metrology in a few-body system. We show that the QRM including a nonlinear coupling term exhibits much higher measurement precisions due to its first-order-like phase transition at frequency, avoiding the detrimental slowing-down effect close to the critical point of the linear QRM. When a bias term is added to the Hamiltonian, the system can be used as a fluxmeter or magnetometer if implemented in circuit QED platforms.

Why do early mathematics skills predict later mathematics and reading achievement? The role of executive function.

A robust association between young children's early mathematical proficiency and later academic achievement is well established. Less is known about the mechanisms through which early mathematics skills may contribute to later mathematics and especially reading achievement. Using a parallel multiple mediator model, the current study investigated whether executive function (integration of working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility) can explain the relations between early mathematics skills and elementary school mathematics and reading achievement.

Is bilingualism related to a cognitive advantage in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bilingual people are often claimed to have an advantage over monolingual people in cognitive processing owing to their ability to learn and use two languages. This advantage is considered to be related to executive function (EF). However, no consensus exists as to whether this advantage is present in the population or under which conditions it prevails.

How are adolescents getting their vaping products? Findings from the international tobacco control (ITC) youth tobacco and vaping survey.

Objective: To examine the sources of vaping products reported by adolescents, and the characteristics of adolescents who reported purchasing a vaping product in the past year in the United States (US), Canada (CA), and England (EN).

Methods: Data were from the 2017 ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey, a web-based survey of 12,128 respondents aged 16-19 years recruited from commercial panels in the US, CA, and EN. Respondents who have vaped in the past 12 months were asked whether they had purchased a vaping product, and from where (vape shop, online, retail), as well as whether anyone refused to sell them a vaping product because of their age.