Phase angle and vector analysis from multifrequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis: new reference data for older adults.

Phase angle (PA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) have been recommended as useful prognostic markers in various clinical settings. However, reference data for older adults measured by the novel segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA) technique are currently lacking. This study examined 567 (286 men, 281 women) healthy older adults (65 - 97 years) and new SMF-BIA-based PA and BIVA reference values were generated stratified according to gender and 3 age groups (65 - 75 years, 76 - 85 years, > 85 years).