The influence of sample mass (scaling effect) on the synthesis and structure of non-graphitizing carbon (biochar) during the analytical pyrolysis of biomass.

The porous non-graphitizing carbon (NGC) known as biochar is derived from the pyrolytic conversion of organic precursors and is widely investigated due to its multifunctional applications. At present, biochar is predominantly synthesized in custom lab-scale reactors (LSRs) to determine the properties of carbon, while a thermogravimetric reactor (TG) is utilized for pyrolysis characterization. This results in inconsistencies in the correlation between the structure of biochar carbon and the pyrolysis process.

Biochar Synthesis from Mineral- and Ash-Rich Waste Biomass, Part 1: Investigation of Thermal Decomposition Mechanism during Slow Pyrolysis.

Synthesizing biochar from mineral- and ash-rich waste biomass (MWB), a by-product of human activities in urban areas, can result in renewable and versatile multi-functional materials, which can also cater to the need of solid waste management. Hybridizing biochar with minerals, silicates, and metals is widely investigated to improve parent functionalities. MWB intrinsically possesses such foreign materials.

Modern Carbon-Based Materials for Adsorptive Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants from Water and Wastewater.

Currently, a serious threat for living organisms and human life in particular, is water contamination with persistent organic and inorganic pollutants. To date, several techniques have been adopted to remove/treat organics and toxic contaminants. Adsorption is one of the most effective and economical methods for this purpose.

Bio-reserves inventory-improving substrate management for anaerobic waste treatment in a fast-growing Indian urban city, Chennai.

India is one among the Asia's newly industrialized countries, in which urban centres generate large amount of municipal solid wastes due to the rapid urbanization. To demonstrate urban waste potentials for biogas production by anaerobic digestion, a comprehensive analysis on the availability of organic waste hotspots and its biogas potential for the exemplary case of Chennai, India, was undertaken. The identified hotspots and their biogas potential were plotted with Geographical Information System as thematic maps.

Multi-stage optimization approach for sustainable municipal solid waste collection systems in urban areas of Asia's newly industrialized countries.

A multi-stage optimization approach for sustainable collection system design for urban municipal solid waste is developed for megacities in Asia's newly industrialized countries. The approach combines four methods-analysis of waste and area characteristics, data acquisition and evaluation by GIS, mathematical projection of existing and future collection systems, and identification of most suitable alternatives through comparative multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The approach is applied in Bangalore, India with 1.