Improved oral delivery of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide with a novel LYM-X-SORB organized lipid complex.

Purpose: Fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR)] is a cytotoxic retinoid that suffers from a wide interpatient variation in bioavailability when delivered orally in a corn oil capsule. The poor bioavailability of the capsule formulation may have limited responses in clinical trials, and the large capsules are not suitable for young children. To support the hypothesis that a novel organized lipid matrix, LYM-X-SORB, can increase the oral bioavailability of fenretinide, fenretinide in LYM-X-SORB matrix and in a powderized LYM-X-SORB formulation was delivered to mice.

Effect of an organized lipid matrix on lipid absorption and clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Objectives: To compare the absorption of a lysophosphatidylcholine, monoglyceride, and fatty acid matrix (organized lipid matrix, OLM) with that of a triacylglycerol (TG)-based fat meal in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Study Design: Five adolescents with CF and 3 control patients were given fat meals supplemented with retinyl palmitate of either OLM or TG at a 2-week interval. In a clinical trial, 73 patients with CF were randomly assigned to nutritional supplements containing either OLM or TG for a 1-year double-blind trial followed by a 6-month observation period.

Development, evaluation and use of a pharmacokinetic model for hexachlorobenzene.

This study discusses the background, biological basis, development characteristics, application and evaluation of six physiologically based multicompartment models that describe the absorption, distribution and elimination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in growing rats and growing humans. The models for rats and for humans have similar structures but differ in specific physiological parameters. The goal of the modelling effort was to obtain toxicological information about HCB based on its pharmacokinetics.

Human disposition and some biochemical aspects of methylxanthines.

The human disposition of caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine is essentially characterized by rapid and complete gastrointestinal absorption; minimal first pass metabolism; distribution throughout the total body water; extensive and, in the case of caffeine almost complete, biotransformation in the liver; and elimination of metabolites from the body via the kidneys. Methylxanthine metabolism is affected by such factors as diet, smoking, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, age, and disease state. These factors have been studied extensively in relationship to caffeine disposition, less so for theophylline, and minimally for theobromine as well as the metabolites of these compounds, in particular paraxanthine and the diaminouracils.