Novel fermentations integrate traditional practice and rational design of fermented-food microbiomes.

Fermented foods and beverages have been produced around the world for millennia, providing humans with a range of gastronomic, cultural, health, and scientific benefits. Building on these traditional forms, a convergence of factors, including culinary innovation, globalization, shifts in consumer preferences, and advances in microbiome sciences, has led to the emergence of so-called 'novel fermentations'. In this review, we define novel fermentation as the confluence of traditional food practices and rational microbiome design.

Electrochemical behaviour of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers at micropipette-based liquid/liquid micro-interfaces.

Dendrimers are macromolecules with well-defined three-dimensional structures, sizes and surface charges. In this work, four generations of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were investigated at the micro-interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (μITIES) to understand their electrochemical responses as simple models of ionised macromolecules. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) across a range of aqueous phase pH revealed that all four generations (G0-G3) presented diffusion-controlled ion-transfer from aqueous to organic phase, while the reverse transfers from organic to aqueous phase varied with both pH and the dendrimer generation.

Modulating the ion-transfer electrochemistry of perfluorooctanoate with serum albumin and β-cyclodextrin.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are durable synthetic pollutants that persist in the environment and resist biodegradation. Ion-transfer electrochemistry at aqueous-organic interfaces is a simple strategy for the detection of ionised PFAS. Herein, we investigate the modulation of the ion transfer voltammetry of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) at liquid-liquid micro-interface arrays by aqueous phase bovine serum albumin (BSA) or β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and examine the determination of association constants for these binding interactions.

Voltammetric Selectivity in Detection of Ionized Perfluoroalkyl Substances at Micro-Interfaces between Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions.

Widespread contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and concern about their health impacts require the availability of rapid sensing approaches. In this research, four PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), were studied at micropipette-based interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (μITIES) to assess the potentiality for their detection by ion transfer voltammetry. All four PFAS substances were detected by ion transfer voltammetry at the μITIES, with half-wave transfer potentials ( vs Ag/AgCl) for PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS, and PFOA of 0.