Drought-induced lacuna formation in the stem causes hydraulic conductance to decline before xylem embolism in Selaginella.

Lycophytes are the earliest diverging extant lineage of vascular plants, sister to all other vascular plants. Given that most species are adapted to ever-wet environments, it has been hypothesized that lycophytes, and by extension the common ancestor of all vascular plants, have few adaptations to drought. We investigated the responses to drought of key fitness-related traits such as stomatal regulation, shoot hydraulic conductance (K ) and stem xylem embolism resistance in Selaginella haematodes and S.

A comparison of different sealants preventing demineralization around brackets.

Aim: Aim of the study was to compare how six different sealants resisted thermal, mechanical, and chemical loading in vitro.

Materials And Methods: In all, 120 extracted human, nondecayed molars were divided into six groups (20 samples each) and embedded in resin blocks. The buccal surfaces of the tooth samples were polished and divided into three areas.

Influence of piezotomy and osteoperforation of the alveolar process on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review.

Objective: The minimally invasive procedures piezosurgical corticocision and osteoperforation have been advocated as methods to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and to shorten treatment time, but without large-scale trauma of the periosteum and the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there is evidence supporting these claims based on a systematic review of the literature.

Materials And Methods: A search of PubMed and Google Scholar with the combined search terms "piezo*" and "tooth movement" was performed until May 2016.

Ultrasound-guided diagnosis of fractures of the distal forearm in children.

Purpose: Distal radius and forearm fractures are injuries that are frequently seen in trauma surgery outpatient clinics. Usually, the wrist is X-rayed in 2 planes as standard diagnostic procedure. In contrast, we evaluate in our study the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in diagnosing these fractures.