On achieving gender equity within the liver transplantation medical and surgical workforce.

Until relatively recently there has been a paucity of readily available information pertaining to the demographics of the medical and surgical workforces for the subspecialty of liver transplantation. This is relevant as it relates to whether gender equity is now being achieved across this particular workforce. This manuscript focuses on what eventually led to the recognition that more comprehensive data were required along with what is now actually known with respect to the gender ratios of the liver transplant workforce along with their related academic activities.

Workplace microaggressions: results of a survey of the American College of Surgeons members.

Background: Workplace microaggressions are a longstanding but understudied problem in the surgical specialties. Microaggressions in health care are linked to negative emotional and physical health outcomes and can contribute to burnout and suboptimal delivery of patient care. They also negatively impact recruitment, retention, and promotion, which often results in attrition.