Podocyte Knockdown Induces Diffuse Glomerulosclerosis in Diabetic and in Knockout Mice.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGF-A) and nitric oxide (NO) are essential for glomerular filtration barrier homeostasis, and are dysregulated in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While NO availability is consistently low in diabetes, both high and low VEGF-A have been reported in patients with DKD. Here we examined the effect of inducible podocyte knockdown ( ) in diabetic mice and in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice ( ).

S-Nitrosylation of RhoGAP Myosin9A Is Altered in Advanced Diabetic Kidney Disease.

The molecular pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease progression is complex and remains unresolved. Rho-GAP was recently identified as a novel podocyte protein and a candidate gene for monogenic FSGS. Myo9A involvement in diabetic kidney disease has been suggested.

Sex differences on the behavior and oxidative stress after ketamine treatment in adult rats subjected to early life stress.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ketamine, on behavioral parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain of male and female rats submitted to the animal model of maternal deprivation (MD). Wistar rats were deprived of maternal care in the first 10 days of life (three hours daily). As adults, male and female rats were divided: control + saline deprived + saline and deprived + ketamine (15 mg/kg).

Ketamine treatment protects against oxidative damage and the immunological response induced by electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often recommended for major depressive disorder (MDD) for those who do not respond to the first and second antidepressant trials. A combination of two therapies could improve antidepressant efficacy. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of ECT combined to antidepressants with a different mechanism of action.