Intraosseous spindle cell lipoma of the maxilla: case report and review of the literature.

Intraosseous lipomas are rare benign tumors of mesenchymal origin, particularly unusual in the maxilla. Spindle cell lipomas, a histological subtype, are even more uncommon, with limited cases reported in the literature. This report documents a rare case of intraosseous spindle cell lipoma in the anterior maxilla of a 66-year-old male and presents a review of 39 gnathic lipoma cases from the literature published between 1976 and 2024.

A suite of metrics in overall dyslexia assessment: drift entropy impact.

Contemporary neuroscience scientists are interested in dyslexia, a complicated brain neurodevelopmental disorder. This condition causes slow and imprecise word comprehension in 5%-17% of the global population across languages and cultures. People with dyslexia often discuss mental health.

Gender-specific Single Transcript Level Atlas of Vasopressin and its Receptor (AVPR1a) in the Mouse Brain.

Vasopressin (AVP), a nonapeptide synthesized predominantly by magnocellular hypothalamic neurons, is conveyed to the posterior pituitary the pituitary stalk, where AVP is secreted into the circulation. Known to regulate blood pressure and water homeostasis, it also modulates diverse social behaviors, such as pair-bonding, social recognition and cognition in mammals including humans. Importantly, AVP modulates social behaviors in a gender-specific manner, perhaps, due to gender differences in the distribution in the brain of AVP and its main receptor AVPR1a.