The Warburg Effect is the result of faster ATP production by glycolysis than respiration.

Many prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells metabolize glucose to organism-specific by-products instead of fully oxidizing it to carbon dioxide and water-a phenomenon referred to as the Warburg Effect. The benefit to a cell is not fully understood, given that partial metabolism of glucose yields an order of magnitude less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) per molecule of glucose than complete oxidation. Here, we test a previously formulated hypothesis that the benefit of the Warburg Effect is to increase ATP production rate by switching from high-yielding respiration to faster glycolysis when excess glucose is available and respiration rate becomes limited by proteome occupancy.

Genetically encoded tool for manipulation of ΔΨm identifies the latter as the driver of integrative stress response induced by ATP Synthase dysfunction.

Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is one of the key parameters controlling cellular bioenergetics. Investigation of the role of ΔΨm in live cells is complicated by a lack of tools for its direct manipulation without off-target effects. Here, we adopted the uncoupling protein UCP1 from brown adipocytes as a genetically encoded tool for direct manipulation of ΔΨm.

Influence of Graphene Sheets on Compaction and Sintering Properties of Nano-Zirconia Ceramics.

The use of a nanostructured graphene-zirconia composite will allow the development of new materials with improved performance properties and a high functionality. This work covers a stepwise study related to the creation of a nanostructured composite based on ZrO and graphene. A composite was prepared using two suspensions: nano-zirconia obtained by sol-gel synthesis and oxygen-free graphene obtained sonochemically.

Influence of low-voltage discharge energy on the morphology of carbon nanostructures in induced benzene transformation.

The directions of the transformation of benzene induced by low-voltage discharges at various energies of pulsed discharges were revealed. This paper shows the dependencies of the morphology and other characteristics of nanostructures obtained in the induced transformation of benzene on the energy of pulsed discharges. Nanostructures with different morphologies are formed when the energy of the low-voltage discharges changes during the induced transformation of benzene in the liquid phase.

Genetically encoded tools for measuring and manipulating metabolism.

Over the past few years, we have seen an explosion of novel genetically encoded tools for measuring and manipulating metabolism in live cells and animals. Here, we will review the genetically encoded tools that are available, describe how these tools can be used and outline areas where future development is needed in this fast-paced field. We will focus on tools for direct measurement and manipulation of metabolites.