[Intraoperative optical coherence tomography in vitreoretinal surgery].

This article reviews literature on the use of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) in vitreoretinal surgery, describes the historical aspects of the development of this technology from portable devices to optical coherence tomographs integrated into the surgical microscope, considers the advantages, limitations and disadvantages of this technology, which are now becoming obvious due to the accumulated experience. The review also explores the prospects for the development of iOCT and possible ways to solve its problems. In addition, the review presents and systematizes clinical findings that can be revealed with iOCT in such diseases as rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, macular pathology, etc.

[The development of laser technologies in vitreoretinal surgery (publications review)].

The article presents review of scientific publications on development of laser treatment methods in vitreoretinal surgery. The use of photo-therapy in medicine dates back to ancient times, when people began to use sunlight as treatment of various diseases. The heyday of photo-therapy falls on the second half of the XIX century, which was associated with the invention of first electric lamps.

[The role of neurodegeneration biomarkers in the management of patients with diabetic retinopathy].

This literature review focuses on the role of disease biomarkers in the management of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) investigating in detail the problem of retinal neurodegeneration in such patients. Identification and assessment of the significance of qualitative and quantitative biomarkers of DR and neurodegeneration can complement screening examination, as well as help predict the course of the disease and the response to therapy. A comprehensive analysis of these factors allows for effective treatment and prevention of complications in patients with DR based on prognostic models and dynamic monitoring of these indicators.

[Modern concepts of pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy].

This literature review presents modern view on the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) paying particular attention to the molecular mechanisms leading to its development, as well as the manifestations of retinal neurodegeneration in such patients. Assessment of this condition and its clinical manifestations makes it possible to diagnose DR at the stage of absent initial vascular changes. Investigating the neurodegeneration mechanisms could supplement the existing understanding of the disease pathogenesis and could possibly help find new ways of treatment and prevention of DR.