Role of fosfomycin tromethamine in modulating non-specific defence mechanisms in chronic uremic patients towards ESBL-producing Escherichia coli.

Antimicrobial agents and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) have the potential to interact in such a way that improve the therapy for infectious diseases. In immunocompromised patients highly susceptible to microbial infections with high morbidity and mortality, several metabolic and functional alterations in PMNs, mostly related to microbicidal activity, are observed. Therefore, the antibiotic of choice should have a good antimicrobial effect without impairing host defences.

N-acetylcysteine synergizes with oseltamivir in protecting mice from lethal influenza infection.

Many studies have shown that oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary damage during influenza virus infections. Antioxidant molecules are therefore potentially useful against viral infection. Our previous studies show that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a protective effect in a model of lethal influenza infection in mice.

In vivo effect of an immunostimulating bacterial lysate on human B lymphocytes.

The aim of the present study is to investigate in humans the mechanism by which the oral vaccine Polyvalent Mechanical Bacterial Lysate (PMBL) can rapidly mobilize specific immune response and evaluate the efficacy of its immunostimulating activity in preventing recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract (URTIs) in a group of patients with a medical history of URTI recurrence. Patients received, by sublingual route, PBML, an immunostimulating lysate obtained by mechanical lysis of the most common bacteria responsible for upper respiratory tract infections. The treatment was administered for 10 consecutive days/month for 3 consecutive months.

In vitro effects of an immunostimulating bacterial lysate on human lymphocyte function.

MLBL is an oral immunostimulating vaccine consisting of bacterial standardized lysates obtained by mechanical lysis of different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that can cause acute and chronic infections of the respiratory tract. Previous studies suggested a stimulating effect of MLBL both on humoral and cellular immune responses. In the present study, the in vitro effects of MLBL on human lymphocyte effector functions and its mechanisms of action were evaluated.

Influence of thiamphenicol on the primary functions of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes against Streptococcus pyogenes.

Current antibiotic therapy encourages the use of antibiotics that may potentiate the host's immune defences. We therefore investigated the effect of thiamphenicol (TAP), the active principle of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate (TGA), on human granulocyte functions, mainly phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Streptococcus pyogenes. Our findings support the use of thiamphenicol in the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by S.