Type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood: a matched case control study in Lancashire and Cumbria, UK.

Aims: The aim of the study was to identify environmental risk factors for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) in childhood.

Methods: A matched case-control study of Type 1 DM conducted in Lancashire and Cumbria, UK, using a structured interview. Cases (n=196, participation rate 83%) were children under 16 years of age diagnosed prior to October 1998 and attending diabetic clinics.

A new method for rapid determination of sperm concentration in turkey semen.

The routine determination of sperm concentration not only provides a measure of semen quality but also supplies a means of delivering precise sperm numbers in modern artificial insemination (AI) programs. Methods for estimating sperm numbers in laboratory settings (e.g.