Association of environmental markers with childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed by a long questionnaire on early life exposures and lifestyle in a case-control study.

Background: The incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is rising in many countries, supposedly because of changing environmental factors, which are yet largely unknown. The purpose of the study was to unravel environmental markers associated with T1D.

Methods: Cases were children with T1D from the French Isis-Diab cohort.

[Child amoebic dysentery in New Caledonia (author's transl)].

After giving their diagnostic criteria, the authors report 8 cases of amoebic dysentery observed in children, in New Caledonia. The young patients' age ranges from 2 to 8. Clinical symptoms are the same as in adults but anemia and malnutrition are frequently associated to amoebiasis as well as various intestinal nematodes.

[Typhoid fever in adult patients in Ouagadougou (analytic study of 124 cases) (author's transl)].

The authors study clinical and evolutive aspects of 124 cases of typho-paratyphoïdic fever carried out in Ouagadougou. Main features are emphasized and compared to series previously recorded in other tropical countries: -the most frequent form is the conventional one with fever-diarrhoea-vomiting, headache and abdominal pain; -10,4 p. 100 of the cases present further complication, with 13 fatal issues, mostly due to acute encephalitis and to the delay reporting to the hospital; -treatment raised no special problem, Eberth bacillus which is the most frequently detected germ, being still very sensible to phenicoles derivatives.

[Child scabies in Nouvelle-Calédonie: its complications in general, and renal in particular (author's transl)].

Child scabies in Nouvelle-Calédonie, is: -- frequent nowadays; -- sometimes difficult to diagnose because of secondary infection or eczematisation; -- most often of favorable evolution with a one-day treatment applied to both children and their close relatives; -- sometimes complicated by surinfection, either of staphylococcic origin with various but osseous foci or streptococcic with severe glomerulonephritis.

[Thrombopenia and radial aplasia: 2 cases with platelet function and ultrastructural studies of megakaryocytes and platelets (author's transl)].

The authors report on two cases of congenital thrombopenia with radial aplasia. Both children display several birth defects and a mild thrombopenia; hemorragic manifestations occured in the first case only. Megakaryoblastic to platelets series, as studied with electronic microscopy, show small-sized, "microcytic" and hypogranular megakaryocytes, displaying a maturative disorder (dysmegakaryocytopoiesis).