Epigenetic repression of de novo cysteine synthetases induces intra-cellular accumulation of cysteine in hepatocarcinoma by up-regulating the cystine uptake transporter xCT.

Background: The metabolic reprogramming of amino acids is critical for cancer cell growth and survival. Notably, intracellular accumulation of cysteine is often observed in various cancers, suggesting its potential role in alleviating the oxidative stress associated with rapid proliferation. The liver is the primary organ for cysteine biosynthesis, but much remains unknown about the metabolic alterations of cysteine and their mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Distance measurements between 5 nanometer diamonds - single particle magnetic resonance or optical super-resolution imaging?

5 nanometer sized detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) are studied as potential single-particle labels for distance measurements in biomolecules. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in the crystal lattice can be addressed through their fluorescence and optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of a single particle can be recorded. To achieve single-particle distance measurements, we propose two complementary approaches based on spin-spin coupling or optical super-resolution imaging.

A simple and soft chemical deaggregation method producing single-digit detonation nanodiamonds.

Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) are a class of very small and spherical diamond nanocrystals. They are used in polymer reinforcement materials or as drug delivery systems in the field of nanomedicine. Synthesized by detonation, only the final deaggregation step down to the single-digit nanometer size (<10 nm) unfolds their full potential.

Use of Concurrent Anti-diabetes Medications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Clinical Practice in the United States.

Purpose: This report describes the use of combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had been initially prescribed metformin in the United States.

Methods: Retrospective claims data from a de-identified database were used to identify individuals aged ≥18 years with ≥1 claim for a metformin-containing regimen dated between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018. Demographics, insurance type, and prescriber type were compared among subgroups receiving two (dual) or three or more (triple+) anti-diabetes therapies.

The Irreversible FLT3 Inhibitor FF-10101 Is Active Against a Diversity of FLT3 Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms.

Small-molecule FLT3 inhibitors have recently improved clinical outcomes for patients with FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after many years of development, but resistance remains an important clinical problem. FF-10101 is the first irreversible, covalent inhibitor of FLT3 which has previously shown activity against FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance-causing FLT3 F691L and D835 mutations. We report that FF-10101 is also active against an expanded panel of clinically identified FLT3 mutations associated with resistance to other FLT3 inhibitors.