Scientists' call to action: Microbes, planetary health, and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protists, are essential to life on Earth and the functioning of the biosphere. Here, we discuss the key roles of microorganisms in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting recent and emerging advances in microbial research and technology that can facilitate our transition toward a sustainable future. Given the central role of microorganisms in the biochemical processing of elements, synthesizing new materials, supporting human health, and facilitating life in managed and natural landscapes, microbial research and technologies are directly or indirectly relevant for achieving each of the SDGs.

Clinical features associated with the presence of anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies in Jo-1 antibody-positive anti-synthetase syndrome.

Introduction: Anti-SSA antibodies target two unrelated proteins, Ro52 (E3 ligase) and Ro60 (RNA binding protein). Previous studies indicate that anti-Ro52 antibodies are frequently associated with various myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs)-including anti-tRNA synthetase antibodies-and that the coexistence of MSAs and anti-Ro52 antibodies may portend worse clinical outcomes. Although not well-described in the setting of myositis, work from our animal model of HRS (histidyl-tRNA synthetase)-induced myositis suggests that anti-Ro60 antibodies may also be linked to specific MSAs such as anti-HRS/Jo-1.

Antigen-driven T cell-macrophage interactions mediate the interface between innate and adaptive immunity in histidyl-tRNA synthetase-induced myositis.

Introduction: Previous work in humans has demonstrated that both innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), a systemic autoimmune disease targeting muscle as well as extra-muscular organs. To better define interactive signaling networks in IIM, we characterized the cellular phenotype and transcriptomic profiles of muscle-infiltrating cells in our established murine model of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS)-induced myositis.

Methods: Myositis was induced in wild type (WT) and various congenic/mutant strains of C57BL/6 mice through intramuscular immunization with recombinant HRS.

Lichens as spatially transferable bioindicators for monitoring nitrogen pollution.

Excess nitrogen is a pollutant and global problem that harms ecosystems and can severely affect human health. Pollutant nitrogen is becoming more widespread and intensifying in the tropics. There is thus a requirement to develop nitrogen biomonitoring for spatial mapping and trend analysis of tropical biodiversity and ecosystems.

Avoiding emissions versus creating sinks-Effectiveness and attractiveness to climate finance.

The perception of greater impact via new sinks, as opposed to through avoided emissions, has already led some large investors to focus on sink-related projects. This is a flawed perception when applied universally and carries a risk that effective routes to mitigation through avoiding emissions are side-lined. In reality, both emissions avoidance and emissions removal are needed, and both can be a cost-effective means of delivering mitigation.