Tomographic ultrasound imaging of the anophthalmic socket for future 3D printing of ocular prostheses.

Purpose: There is a need for a simple, non-invasive, and easily accessible 3D imaging technique for the anophthalmic socket to create imaging data for future 3D printing of prostheses. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a novel handheld tomographic ultrasound for 3D mapping of the anophthalmic socket.

Methods: Ten anophthalmic sockets were scanned using a tomographic ultrasound system and the results were compared to CT scanned impression molds from the same sockets.

Determining Asymmetry Thresholds in Anophthalmia/Microphthalmia Using a Three-dimensional Animated Model.

Purpose: Congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia are rare development disorders with underdevelopment of the orbital region, resulting in asymmetry of the face. No clear guidelines exist to determine when these deviations are acceptable.

Methods: The face of a healthy 6-year-old child was three-dimensionally scanned.

Long term follow-up of axial length and orbital dimensions in congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia.

Purpose: To evaluate axial length (AL), orbital width (OW) and height (OH) development in congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia (MICA) using serial ultrasonography measurements.

Methods: A longitudinal prospective cohort (n = 74) of unilaterally and bilaterally affected MICA patients was followed from 2013 to 2022 at the university hospital in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Clinical entity, age, severity category based on axial length, conformer treatment and intra-orbital cysts were registered.

Effects of orbital decompression on duction, cyclotorsion and diplopia.

Background: Orbital decompression is commonly performed to correct proptosis in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO). In literature, the incidence of new-onset constant diplopia after orbital decompression varies. Few studies have evaluated changes in duction and cyclodeviation after orbital decompression.

[Watery eyes: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations].

Tear complaints can arise from either an increased tear production or from a disturbed tear drainage. Increased tear production from the lacrimal gland is a neuroregulated response to a dried out or irritated ocular surface. Dryness often results from a reduced quality of the tear film, but can also be caused by eyelid malposition with increased globe exposure.