Lactose-free infant formula does not change outcomes of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS): a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To determine if lactose-free formula, compared to lactose-containing formula, decreases the cumulative morphine dose required to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

Study Design: In a double-blind clinical trial, we randomized 74 infants (36-42 weeks gestation) at risk for developing NAS due to in-utero exposure to opioids to receive either lactose-free (Similac Sensitive®) or lactose-containing (Similac Advance®) infant formula. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative dose of morphine used for the treatment of NAS during the first 14 days of life.

Targeted Breast Milk Fortification for Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants: Nutritional Intake, Growth Outcome and Body Composition.

Despite improvements in nutritional management, preterm infants continue to face high rates of postnatal growth restriction. Because variability in breast milk composition may result in protein and energy deficits, targeted fortification has been advocated. We conducted an interventional study to compare body composition and growth outcomes of very low birth weight infants fed targeted protein-fortified human milk (HM) with those fed standard fortified HM.

Epidemiology, Comorbidities, and Outcomes of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Children in the United States.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an increasingly recognized entity with certain identified predisposing factors in children. However, the actual incidence, comorbidities, outcomes, and hospitalization charges among children (aged less than 20 years) in the United States are largely unknown.

Methods: We analyzed the Kids' Inpatient Database for incidence of PRES-related hospitalizations, associated diagnoses, in-hospital outcomes, and charges for children in the United States in 2016.

Progressive left ventricular dysfunction and long-term outcomes in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy receiving cardiopulmonary therapies.

Objective: To describe the natural history of cardiomyopathy in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who are receiving contemporary therapies.

Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study of 57 patients aged >15 years with DMD. Serial digital echocardiograms were performed over a median follow-up of 8 years.

Validation of mid-infrared spectroscopy for macronutrient analysis of human milk.

Objective: Human milk has considerable variation in its composition. Hence, the nutrient profile is only an estimate and can result in under- or over-estimation of the intake of preterm infants. Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is an evolving technique for analyzing human milk but needs validation before use in clinical practice.