Chemotherapy as an optimal treatment option after failure of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in advanced and metastatic melanoma.

Background: Currently, there is no standard option that can be routinely recommended for the treatment of advanced melanoma after failure of modern immunotherapy and/or targeted therapy. Chemotherapy is an option, but its role is considered to be questionable. These doubts are based on historical experiences with chemotherapy, however, there is a lack of evidence of chemotherapy effectiveness after previous treatment with modern systemic therapy.

Study of the In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Various Single-Strain and Multi-Strain Probiotics against .

is an important commensal of our gut, however, many pathogenic strains exist, causing various severe infections in the gut or beyond. Due to several antibiotic resistance patterns of , research of alternative treatments or adjuvant therapy is important. One of these is the use of probiotics as antagonistic agents against .