Effects of white matter hyperintensities, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognition on activities of daily living: Differences between Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Introduction: Disability is common across Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are prevalent in both diagnoses and associated with disability; both diagnoses show neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and impaired cognition.

Methods: In AD and DLB, we examined if WMHs, NPS, and cognition associate with basic and/or instrumental activities of daily living (BADLs and/or IADLs) cross-sectionally, and longitudinally over ≈1.

Cognitive and Neuroimaging Profiles of Older Adults With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Presenting to a Memory Clinic.

Objective: Some features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may resemble those of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults, contributing to diagnostic uncertainty in individuals seeking assessment in memory clinics. We systematically compared cognition and brain structure in ADHD and MCI to clarify the extent of overlap and identify potential features unique to each.

Method: Older adults from a Cognitive Neurology clinic (40 ADHD, 29 MCI, 37 controls) underwent neuropsychological assessment.

White matter hyperintensities in autopsy-confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease.

Background: We aimed to systematically describe the burden and distribution of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and investigate correlations with neuropsychiatric symptoms in pathologically proven Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

Methods: Autopsy-confirmed cases were identified from the Sunnybrook Dementia Study, including 15 cases of AD and 58 cases of FTLD (22 FTLD-TDP cases; 10 FTLD-Tau [Pick's] cases; 11 FTLD-Tau Corticobasal Degeneration cases; and 15 FTLD-Tau Progressive Supranuclear Palsy cases). Healthy matched controls (n = 35) were included for comparison purposes.

Post-traumatic Confusional State: A Case Definition and Diagnostic Criteria.

In response to the need to better define the natural history of emerging consciousness after traumatic brain injury and to better describe the characteristics of the condition commonly labeled posttraumatic amnesia, a case definition and diagnostic criteria for the posttraumatic confusional state (PTCS) were developed. This project was completed by the Confusion Workgroup of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Brain Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest group. The case definition was informed by an exhaustive literature review and expert opinion of workgroup members from multiple disciplines.

Central auditory processing in adults with chronic stroke without hearing loss: A magnetoencephalography study.

Objective: Stroke lesions in non-auditory areas may affect higher-order central auditory processing. We sought to characterize auditory functions in chronic stroke survivors with unilateral arm/hand impairment using auditory evoked responses (AERs) with lesion and perception metrics.

Methods: The AERs in 29 stroke survivors and 14 controls were recorded with single tones, active and passive frequency-oddballs, and a dual-oddball with pitch-contour and time-interval deviants.