Fungal trunk pathogens of fruit and nut tree crops: identification, characterization, detection and perspectives for a critical global issue.

Fungal trunk pathogens are a growing global issue, significantly affecting fruit and nut tree crop cultivation. These pathogens, mainly ascomycetes, belong to several families including Botryosphaeriaceae, Calosphaeriaceae, Cytosporaceae, Diaporthaceae, Diatrypaceae, Nectriaceae and Togniniaceae. The large number of species involved represent a challenge in clarifying the etiology of trunk diseases, further complicated by frequent co-infections of different fungi.

First report of nut rot caused by on almond in Italy.

Almond (Prunus dulcis) is an important nut crop widely grown in the Mediterranean region, including Italy. In September 2021, almonds cv. Tuono showing dark lesions affecting the hull were collected in Villar San Costanzo (Piedmont, Northwestern Italy).

Dissolved Barium Causes Toxicity to Groundwater Cyclopoida.

Barium (Ba) dissolution and mobilization in groundwater are predominantly controlled by sulfate because of the low solubility of barium sulfate (BaSO) minerals. Naturally present at low concentrations in groundwater, elevated concentrations of Ba can occur as a result of anthropogenic activities, including use of barite in drill operations, and geogenic sources such as leaching from geological formations. No toxicity data exist for Ba with groundwater organisms (stygofauna) to assess the risk of elevated Ba concentrations.

associated with symptoms of dry lenticel rot, an emerging postharvest disease on apples in Italy.

Ramularia mali Videira & Crous is an emerging postharvest pathogen on apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) in Italy and other apple producing countries (Prencipe et al. 2023).