Run-in periods and treatment outcomes in asthma trials: A narrative review.

Background: The run-in period is an important element of randomized controlled trials, and is often used in respiratory disease trials. The design of the run-in period can greatly impact results and data interpretation, and as such should be designed carefully.

Methods: In this review, we describe the design of run-in periods across six phase 3A trials of triple therapy in asthma, and discuss how differences in run-in period design (specifically the duration, treatment, and reporting of run-in results) may have the potential to alter the interpretation of study outcomes.

Proposal for a uniform protocol and checklist for cadaveric courses for surgeons with special interest in open abdominal wall reconstruction.

Purpose: Over the last decade, there has been a rapid rise in the development and refinement of abdominal wall repair (AWR) techniques. Numerous cadaveric AWR training courses have been set up with the goal of helping practicing surgeons learn and incorporate them into their surgical repertoire. Some maybe excellent but their quality and consistency are unknown.

STK19 drives transcription-coupled repair by stimulating repair complex stability, RNA Pol II ubiquitylation, and TFIIH recruitment.

Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) efficiently eliminates DNA damage that impedes gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). TC-NER is initiated by the recognition of lesion-stalled RNA Pol II by CSB, which recruits the CRL4 ubiquitin ligase and UVSSA. RNA Pol II ubiquitylation at RPB1-K1268 by CRL4 serves as a critical TC-NER checkpoint, governing RNA Pol II stability and initiating DNA damage excision by TFIIH recruitment.

Cytosolic nucleic acid sensors and interferon beta-1 activation drive radiation-induced anti-tumour immune effects in human pancreatic cancer cells.

Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with limited treatment options due to extensive radiation and chemotherapy resistance. Monotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade showed no survival benefit. A combination of immunomodulation and radiotherapy may offer new treatment strategies, as demonstrated for non-small cell lung cancer.