Identifying Key Drivers of Efficient B Cell Responses: On the Role of T Help, Antigen-Organization, and Toll-like Receptor Stimulation for Generating a Neutralizing Anti-Dengue Virus Response.

T help (Th), stimulation of toll-like receptors (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs), and antigen organization and repetitiveness (pathogen-associated structural patterns, PASPs) were shown numerous times to be important in driving B-cell and antibody responses. In this study, we dissected the individual contributions of these parameters using newly developed "Immune-tag" technology. As model antigens, we used eGFP and the third domain of the dengue virus 1 envelope protein (DV1 EDIII), the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies.

Toward a SARS-CoV-2 VLP Vaccine: HBc/G as a Carrier for SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBM and Nucleocapsid Protein-Derived Peptides.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer an attractive possibility for the development of vaccines. Recombinant core antigen (HBc) of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was expressed in different systems, and the expression system was shown to be effective for the production of HBc VLPs. Here, we used HBc of the HBV genotype G (HBc/G) as a technologically promising VLP carrier for the presentation of spike RBM and nucleocapsid protein-derived peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant for subsequent immunological evaluations of obtained fusion proteins.

PreS1 Containing HBc VLPs for the Development of a Combined Therapeutic/Prophylactic Hepatitis B Vaccine.

The available HBV vaccines based on the HBV surface protein are manufactured in yeasts and demonstrate excellent prophylactic but no therapeutic activity and are thus ineffective against chronic HBV infection. Five different HBV core proteins (HBc)-full length and C-terminally truncated-were used for the insertion of the short, preS1,aa 20-47 and long, preS1phil, aa 12-60 + 89-119 fragments. Modified virus-like particles (VLPs) were compared for their biotechnological and immunological properties.

Bacterial expression systems based on -like particles for the presentation of vaccine antigens.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are virus-derived artificial nanostructures that resemble a native virus-stimulating immune system through highly repetitive surface structures. Improved safety profiles, flexibility in vaccine construction, and the ease of VLP production and purification have highlighted VLPs as attractive candidates for universal vaccine platform generation, although exploration of different types of expression systems for their development is needed. Here, we demonstrate the construction of several simple expression systems for the generation of eggplant mosaic virus (EMV) VLP-derived vaccines.

Bacteriophage-Derived Double-Stranded RNA Exerts Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity In Vitro and in Golden Syrian Hamsters In Vivo.

Bacteriophage-derived dsRNA, known as Larifan, is a nationally well-known broad-spectrum antiviral medication. This study aimed to ascertain the antiviral activity of Larifan against the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Larifan's effect against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro was measured in human lung adenocarcinoma (Calu3) and primary human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEC), and in vivo in the SARS-CoV-2 infection model in golden Syrian hamsters.