Complex Multi-site Stereotactic Body Re-irradiation With CT-Guided Online Adaptive Radiotherapy.

Online adaptive radiotherapy optimizes a patient's treatment plan to their daily anatomy to account for inter-fraction motion. Daily target and organ-at-risk (OAR) delineation allows for optimized treatments and has been shown to have favorable outcomes in the abdominal region. Adaptive radiotherapy also has the potential to support fine control of dose in re-irradiation to OARs.

Comparative antimicrobial use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 inpatients from 2019 to 2020: A multicenter ecological study.

Objective: We sought to determine whether increased antimicrobial use (AU) at the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was driven by greater AU in COVID-19 patients only, or whether AU also increased in non-COVID-19 patients.

Design: In this retrospective observational ecological study from 2019 to 2020, we stratified inpatients by COVID-19 status and determined relative percentage differences in median monthly AU in COVID-19 patients versus non-COVID-19 patients during the COVID-19 period (March-December 2020) and the pre-COVID-19 period (March-December 2019). We also determined relative percentage differences in median monthly AU in non-COVID-19 patients during the COVID-19 period versus the pre-COVID-19 period.

Stem Cell-Based Organoid Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

The past decade has seen an explosion in the identification of genetic causes of neurodevelopmental disorders, including Mendelian, de novo, and somatic factors. These discoveries provide opportunities to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as potential gene-gene and gene-environment interactions to support novel therapies. Stem cell-based models, particularly human brain organoids, can capture disease-associated alleles in the context of the human genome, engineered to mirror disease-relevant aspects of cellular complexity and developmental timing.