Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the German Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).

Objective: To cross-culturally adapt the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) from English into German, and to test the reliability and validity of the German version.

Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation of the SPADI was performed according to international guidelines. One hundred and eighteen patients who had undergone shoulder arthroplasty, on average 4 yr previously, completed a questionnaire booklet containing the German SPADI, the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaire for the shoulder to assess SPADI's construct validity.

[Multi-rotation CT during continuous ventilation: comparison of different density areas in healthy lungs and in the ARDS lavage model].

Purpose: In this animal study, density ranges for CT-based quantification of ventilated lung area were determined. Healthy lungs and ARDS lungs were compared during artificial respiration.

Material And Methods: CT-scans were performed in 5 anesthetized pigs using a dynamic multiscan CT option on a predefined transverse slice (slice thickness 1 mm; effective temporal resolution, 250 ms).