Survey of legislative frameworks and national recommendations governing paediatric maintenance haemodialysis in Europe.

Background: The application of international recommendations for paediatric maintenance haemodialysis (HD) could be strengthened by national laws or written recommendations. Our aim was therefore to describe the national rules governing paediatric maintenance HD in European countries.

Methods: A national representative, approved by the president of each paediatric nephrology society, was contacted in all 42 European countries to complete two online questionnaires.

Achievements, priorities and strategies in pediatric nephrology in Europe: need for unifying approaches or acceptance of differences?

Background: There is a lack of information on the current healthcare systems for children with kidney diseases across Europe. The aim of this study was to explore the different national approaches to the organization and delivery of pediatric nephrology services within Europe.

Methods: In 2020, the European society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) conducted a cross-sectional survey to identify the existing pediatric nephrology healthcare systems in 48 European countries covering a population of more than 200 million children.

Diversity of kidney care referral pathways in national child health systems of 48 European countries.

Background: Primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare services in Europe create complex networks covering pediatric subspecialties, sociology, economics and politics. Two surveys of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) in 1998 and 2017 revealed substantial disparities of kidney care among European countries. The purpose of the third ESPN survey is to further identify national differences in the conceptualization and organization of European pediatric kidney health care pathways during and outside normal working hours.

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis as an Early Sign of Presentation of ADPKD.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADKPD) is the most frequent type of polycystic kidney disease. It is inherited through family members, with an incidence of approximately 1:400 to1:1000.Typically, individuals with ADKPD are identified between their fourth and fifth decade of life.

Internet Addiction in Undergraduate Students of the University of Medicine in Tirana, Albania.

Background: The usage of the internet amid university students and has increased significantly. Internet dependence between university students rises the hazard of adverse mental, somatic, economic concerns.

Objective: The objective of our study is to determine the prevalence and aspects related to internet dependence amid university students in the University of Medicine in Tirana, Albania.