The associations between thermal variety and health: Implications for space heating energy use.

Fossil fuels dominate domestic heating in temperate climates. In the EU, domestic space heating accounts for around 20% of final energy demand. Reducing domestic demand temperatures would reduce energy demand.

Observational evidence of the seasonal and demographic variation in experienced temperature from 77 743 UK Biobank participants.

Background: Exposure to cold is known to be associated with severe health impacts. The primary epidemiological evidence for this is the seasonal variation in mortality. However, there is a paucity of directly measured data for personal cold temperature exposure.

Comparison of indoor temperatures of homes with recommended temperatures and effects of disability and age: an observational, cross-sectional study.

Objectives: We examine if temperatures in winter in English homes meet the recommendation of being at least 18°C at all times. We analyse how many days meet this criterion and calculate the hours per day and night being at/above 18°C. These metrics are compared between households with occupants aged above 64 years or having a long-term disability (LTD) and those younger and without disability.

Fitness Landscapes and the Precautionary Principle: The Geometry of Environmental Risk.

/ A generalized mathematical model for exploring the implications of the Precautionary Principle is developed. This model draws on recent developments in the field of complex adaptive systems theory. The existence and importance of the Precautionary Principle in the field of environmental law is taken as given and used as justification for the development of models for exploring the principle's implications.