Expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin in Osteoblast cells exposed to a combination of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite (HAp): A prospective observational study.

The success of implant placement will depend on the ability of the implant material to integrate with the surrounding tissue. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been used as an implant material, but it has several fallback properties in its interaction with bone tissue. The addition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) to PMMA is expected to produce reinforced bioceramic polymers with better mechanical and biological properties.

Integrated Information System for Early Detection of Maternal Risk Factors Based on Continuum of Care Approach of Mother and Toddler Cohorts.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to demonstrate how an integrated information system of mother and toddler cohorts can be developed as a basis of the continuum of care approach that subsequently can be used as the basis of early detection of risk factors of maternal mortality.

Methods: This research was carried out qualitatively. The data was collected through three techniques: in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and document studies at six public health centers located in four sub-districts of Surabaya, Indonesia.

Correlation between human neutrophil peptide 1-3 secretion and azurophilic granule (CD63) expression in early childhood caries.

Background: In saliva, neutrophil constitutes the most prominent first-line defense of immune cells against pathogenic microbes. The importance of neutrophils to the host immune systems of neutropenic or patients disabled with regard to their neutrophil function results in a tendency toward serious infections, such as early childhood caries (ECC). The cytoplasmic granules present in neutrophils play a major role in neutrophil-mediated inflammation.

Analysis of Calcium Levels in Groundwater and Dental Caries in the Coastal Population of an Archipelago Country.

Background: The coastal region is the largest region in Indonesia as a country of the archipelago. Characteristics of groundwater content in coastal areas are very influential on dental health, especially dental caries. The main elements contained in 1-1000 mg/litre groundwater are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, bicarbonate, and sulfate groups.

Prevalence of a second canal in the mesiobuccal root of permanent maxillary first molars from an Indonesian population.

A sample of 308 extracted human permanent maxillary first molars from an Indonesian population was randomly selected. A rhomboid access cavity was made in all teeth in anticipation of identifying a second mesiobuccal canal (MB2). Ultrasonic tips were used to open the subpulpal groove to locate the second canal in the mesiobuccal root.