Optical Flow Sensor with Fluorescent-Conjugated Hyperelastic Pillar: A Biomimetic Approach.

Although the Doppler velocity log is widely applied to measure underwater fluid flow, it requires high power and is inappropriate for measuring low flow velocity. This study proposes a fluid flow sensor that utilizes optical flow sensing. The proposed sensor mimics the neuromast of a fish by attaching a phosphor to two pillar structures (A and B) produced using ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.

Obstructive sleep apnea subtyping based on apnea and hypopnea specific hypoxic burden is associated with brain aging and cardiometabolic syndrome.

Background: Conventional metrics such as the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) may not fully capture the diverse clinical manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aims to establish a novel OSA subtype classification based on the patterns of apneic and hypopneic hypoxic burden (HB), a potential biomarker that more accurately reflects the severity and duration of respiratory events. We further examined the associations of these HB-based subtypes with cardiometabolic risk and brain health outcomes.

Reduction in integrin a3b1 modulates lung cancer motility and invasion through p70S6K-dependent E-cadherin localization.

In the current study, we investigated the effects and action mechanism of integrin a3b1 in modulating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) growth and progression. Reduced expression of integrin a3 by RNA silencing in p53 wild-type A549 NSCLC cells inhibits cell migration and invasion, compared with those in control cells. These anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties in integrin a3-silenced cells were associated with epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) distribution at cell-cell contacts, and these effects require the activation of p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) as evidenced by treatment with rapamycin.

hair growth-promoting effects of araliadiol via the p38/PPAR-γ signaling pathway in human hair follicle stem cells and dermal papilla cells.

Background: Scalp hair plays a crucial role in social communication by expressing personal appearance and self-identity. Consequently, hair loss often leads to a perception of unattractiveness, negatively impacting an individual's life and mental health. Currently, the use of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for hair loss is associated with several side effects, highlighting the need for identifying new drug candidates, such as plant-derived phytochemicals, to overcome these issues.

Sample-efficient inverse design of freeform nanophotonic devices with physics-informed reinforcement learning.

Finding an optimal device structure in the vast combinatorial design space of freeform nanophotonic design has been an enormous challenge. In this study, we propose physics-informed reinforcement learning (PIRL) that combines the adjoint-based method with reinforcement learning to improve the sample efficiency by an order of magnitude compared to conventional reinforcement learning and overcome the issue of local minima. To illustrate these advantages of PIRL over other conventional optimization algorithms, we design a family of one-dimensional metasurface beam deflectors using PIRL, exceeding most reported records.