Role of Free Flaps in Facial Burn Reconstructions.

Traditionally, burn reconstructions have been performed by the use of skin grafting or local flaps. Recently free flaps are being used with increasing frequency. Although not very common in the head neck region, free flaps are mostly used for secondary reconstructions of cervicofacial contractures.

Multiple Free Flaps and Second Toe Transfer to Salvage Grasp Function in Bilateral Complete Degloved Hands.

A 21-year-old male laborer sustained bilateral degloving injury of the hands with multiple digital amputations and devascularized digits. After X-rays, preliminary debridement was done, when digital amputations were completed, including index ray amputation on both sides. The next day, two anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps and one second toe transfer were done to restore coverage in the palm and the web and reconstruct the lost thumb.

Transcriptomic analysis of pancreatic tissue from humans and mice identifies potential gene signatures and unexplored pathways during progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis.

Background: A comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP), a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas, is warranted for the development of targeted therapies. The current study focused on comparing the transcriptomes of pancreatic tissues obtained from patients with CP with those of two rodent models of chemically induced CP to identify dysregulated genes/signaling pathways.

Methods: Pancreatitis was induced in mice using cerulein and L-arginine.

Smear layer removal comparing conventional irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, EndoActivator System, and a new sonic device (Perfect Clean System) by scanning electron microscopy: An ex vivo study.

Aim: This study evaluated the smear layer removal provided by conventional, sonic, and ultrasonic irrigation techniques.

Methodology: Forty extracted human mandibular first premolars were selected and instrumented using the ProTaper Next System files and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite.

A Comprehensive Stereology Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Neuronal Injury, Neurodegeneration, and Neurogenesis in Brain Disorders.

Neuronal injury, neurodegeneration, and neuroanatomical changes are key pathological features of various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, autism, and Alzheimer's disease. Accurate quantification of neurons and interneurons in different brain regions is critical for understanding the progression of neurodegenerative disorders in animal models. Traditional scoring methods are often superficial, biased, and unreliable for evaluating neuropathology.