Sporozoite immunization: innovative translational science to support the fight against malaria.

Introduction: Malaria, a devastating febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites, sickened 247,000,000 people in 2021 and killed 619,000, mostly children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A highly effective vaccine is urgently needed, especially for (Pf), the deadliest human malaria parasite.

Areas Covered: Sporozoites (SPZ), the parasite stage transmitted by mosquitoes to humans, are the only vaccine immunogen achieving >90% efficacy against Pf infection.

[Tinnitus in primarily schizophrenic patients].

Background: Tinnitus, a ringing in the ear perceived only by the person concerned, occurs not only in the general population but also among patients suffering from schizophrenia. They may be afflicted by tinnitus and acoustic hallucinations at the same time. Misinterpreting their schizophrenic illness, patients prefer to consult a family doctor or an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist rather than a psychiatrist if they mistake their acoustic hallucinations for tinnitus.

[Comorbidity of tinnitus and psychiatric disorders].

If anxiety-related disorders or depressive episodes occur along with tinnitus disease, psychiatric treatment can become necessary. Also, tinnitus coincides with psychoses. It has been shown that patients suffering from psychic disturbances can also develop tinnitus phenomena, which must be treated differently from the basic disease.

The human vomeronasal system.

We studied the functional characteristics of the vomeronasal system in clinically normal adult subjects of both sexes (ages 20-45). Chemosensory substances were administered in punctate pulses in a continuous air stream from the tip of a multifunctional miniprobe, which contained a nonpolarizable electrode. Negative potentials with the characteristics of receptor potentials were recorded from the surface of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and olfactory epithelium (OE) in response to certain substances defined here as vomeropherins (see definition in the introduction of the main text) and to olfactants.

Wounding and its role in RSV-mediated tumor formation.

Tumors induced in chickens by Rous sarcoma virus remain localized at the site of injection even though the animals become viremic. Tumors have now been shown to be inducible at other sites if a wound is inflicted or if the tissue is injured by administration of tumor promoters. These findings indicate that local wounding plays a role in the spread of tumorigenicity of Rous sarcoma virus.