An unexpected degradation pathway of N-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-2-sulfonamide (BMS-986231), a pH sensitive prodrug of HNO, in a prototype formulation solution.

N-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-2-sulfonamide (BMS-986231, Cimlanod) was being developed as a pH-sensitive prodrug of HNO (nitroxyl) for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure. During a stressed study of Cimlanod in a prototype formulation solution (pH 4.5) at 40°C, a predominant unknown degradant along with three previously identified degradants were observed.

Effect of light source and UVA quotient on monoclonal antibody stability during ambient light exposure studies.

Therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are exposed to ambient light conditions during manufacturing and handling processes, and the exposure time limits are generally determined by conducting relevant room temperature and room light (RT/RL) stability studies. In the case study presented here, a mAb drug product showed an unexpectedly higher level of protein aggregation during a formal RT/RL study conducted at a contract facility as compared to what had previously been seen during development studies. An investigation led to the finding that the RT/RL stability chamber was set up differently as compared to the one used for the internal studies.

Overexpressed Nup88 stabilized through interaction with Nup62 promotes NF-κB dependent pathways in cancer.

Bidirectional nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, regulating several vital cellular processes, is mediated by the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) comprising the nucleoporin (Nup) proteins. Nup88, a constituent nucleoporin, is overexpressed in many cancers, and a positive correlation exists between progressive stages of cancer and Nup88 levels. While a significant link of Nup88 overexpression in head and neck cancer exists but mechanistic details of Nup88 roles in tumorigenesis are sparse.

In vitro and in cellulae methods for determining the target protein SUMOylation.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) provide a critical means of calibrating the functional proteome and, thus, are extensively utilized by the eukaryotes to exert spatio-temporal regulation on the cellular machinery rapidly. Ubiquitination and phosphorylation are examples of the well-documented PTMs. SUMOylation, the reversible conjugation of the Small Ubiquitin-related MOdifier (SUMO) at a specific lysine residue on a target protein, bears striking similarity with ubiquitination and follows an enzymatic cascade for the attachment of SUMO to the target protein.

In Pursuit of Distinctiveness: Transmembrane Nucleoporins and Their Disease Associations.

The bi-directional nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of macromolecules like molecular signals, transcription factors, regulatory proteins, and RNAs occurs exclusively through Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) residing in the nuclear membrane. This magnanimous complex is essentially a congregation of ~32 conserved proteins termed Nucleoporins (Nups) present in multiple copies and mostly arranged as subcomplexes to constitute a functional NPC. Nups participate in ancillary functions such as chromatin organization, transcription regulation, DNA damage repair, genome stabilization, and cell cycle control, apart from their central role as nucleocytoplasmic conduits.