Reward history guides focal attention in whisker somatosensory cortex.

Prior reward is a potent cue for attentional capture, but the underlying neurobiology is largely unknown. In a novel whisker touch detection task, we show that mice flexibly shift attention between specific whiskers on a trial-by-trial timescale, guided by the recent history of stimulus-reward association. Two-photon calcium imaging and spike recordings revealed a robust neurobiological correlate of attention in the somatosensory cortex (S1), boosting sensory responses to the attended whisker in L2/3 and L5, but not L4.

Smart Devices in Optometry: Current and Future Perspectives to Clinical Optometry.

There is a huge unmet need for eye care with more than a hundred million people living without basic eye care services and facilities. There is an exigency to deploy adequate resources in terms of manpower and equipment to address this. The usage of smart devices in optometry and eye care practice has been gaining momentum for last half a decade, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and technological advancements in telemedicine.

Prevention starts here: effectiveness of substance abuse prevention module among adolescent students in Bengaluru - a quasi experimental study.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured educational module on substance abuse prevention program among adolescents in enhancing their knowledge against substance abuse.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 120 students (mean age: 14.3±1.

Machine learning and bioinformatic analyses link the cell surface receptor transcript levels to the drug response of breast cancer cells and drug off-target effects.

Breast cancer responds variably to anticancer therapies, often leading to significant off-target effects. This study proposes that the variability in tumour responses and drug-induced adverse events is linked to the transcriptional profiles of cell surface receptors (CSRs) in breast tumours and normal tissues. We analysed multiple datasets to compare CSR expression in breast tumours with that in non-cancerous human tissues.

Accommodative Facility and Response Time before and after Computer Task of Varying Durations in Young Adults.

Aim: To investigate the changes in near accommodative facility and response time in young adults following computer work of 30 minutes and 1 hour in duration.

Methods: A total of 50 young adults (37 females, 13 males) with mean age of 20.68 ± 1.