[FETAL LACERATIONS DURING CESAREAN SECTION - AN INEVITABLE COMPLICATION].

Cesarean section is the most prevalent in obstetrics and its rate is rising worldwide every year. Although this operation is considered safe, it is not free from complications. In the present review the topic of lacerations in the fetus during cesarean section is discussed.

[THE USE OF VAGINAL RINGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF GENITAL ORGAN PROLAPSE].

The rise in women's age globally, as well as lifetime hard physical work and high parity rate in the third world countries, is a substantial cause for female genital organ prolapse of variable degrees of severity. This, in turn, has a negative effect on the function of the affected women. The definitive treatment for this condition is surgery of various types in accordance with the anatomic injury, although it is not easily available throughout the world.

[PERI- AND POST-MORTEM CESAREAN SECTION].

Cesarean section has been practiced since the 2nd millennium BC. It received its name due to the manner of the birth of Julius Caesar, who allegedly yet incorrectly, was born in this way. The main indications for Cesarean section were "king's law" for the implementation of inheritance rights and later because of the doctrine of the Catholic Church that mandated separate burial of the fetus for the purpose of his soul to reach heaven after being baptized.

[PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT GYNECOLOGY - VULVAR DISEASES].

Vulvovaginitis and labial adhesion are the most common gynecological morbidity among girls and adolescents. Even though pediatricians or family physicians should be capable of dealing with these "ailments", in Israel, these patients are referred to gynecologists because physicians from these two medical specialties are deterred to treat these populations. Treatment is based on softening and antibiotic creams applied locally.

[ALCOHOL DRINKING DURING PREGNANCY AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE FETUS AND THE NEWBORN].

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy has become a prevalent phenomenon worldwide in general, as well as in Israel in particular. This habit is associated with an increase in various complications during pregnancy - mainly fetal alcohol syndrome and post-natal fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. There is no "safe limit" for alcohol consumption during pregnancy and alcohol drinking may be detrimental to the fetus or to the newborn when consumed at any stage of the pregnancy.