Delivering Low Tidal Volume With Anesthesia and ICU Ventilators in a Neonatal Lung Model.

Background: Mechanical ventilation of the neonate requires ventilators than can deliver precise and accurate tidal volume (V) and PEEP to avoid lung injury. Due to small neonatal V and the disproportionate effect of endotracheal tube leak in these patients, accomplishing precise and accurate V delivery is difficult. Whereas neonatal ICU ventilators are validated in this population, thorough studies testing the performance of anesthesia ventilators in delivering small V in neonates are lacking.

Diagnostic Performance and Patient Outcomes With C-Reactive Protein Use in Early-Onset Sepsis Evaluations.

Objectives: To determine performance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the diagnosis of early-onset sepsis, and to assess patient outcomes with and without routine use of CRP.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants admitted to 2 neonatal intensive care units. CRP was used routinely in early-onset sepsis evaluations during 2009-2014; this period was used to determine CRP performance at a cut-off of ≥10 mg/L in diagnosis of culture-confirmed early-onset sepsis.

Comparison of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation and bubble CPAP with an in-line high-frequency interrupter in a premature infant lung model.

Introduction: Noninvasive ventilation has become a staple in the care of premature infants. However, failure rates continue to be high in this population. Modifications to noninvasive support, such as nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), are used clinically to reduce such failure.