Commercially available kelp and seaweed products - valuable iodine source or risk of excess intake?

Background: Seaweeds and kelps, also known as macroalgae, have long been common in the East-Asian diet. During recent years, macroalgae have entered the global food market, and a variety of macroalgae products are now available for consumers. Some macroalgae species are known to be particularly rich in iodine, but little data regarding the iodine content of macroalgae-containing foods exists.

Real-time spectral interferometry probes the internal dynamics of femtosecond soliton molecules.

Solitons, particle-like excitations ubiquitous in many fields of physics, have been shown to exhibit bound states akin to molecules. The formation of such temporal soliton bound states and their internal dynamics have escaped direct experimental observation. By means of an emerging time-stretch technique, we resolve the evolution of femtosecond soliton molecules in the cavity of a few-cycle mode-locked laser.

Field-driven photoemission from nanostructures quenches the quiver motion.

Strong-field physics, an extreme limit of light-matter interaction, is expanding into the realm of surfaces and nanostructures from its origin in atomic and molecular science. The attraction of nanostructures lies in two intimately connected features: local intensity enhancement and sub-wavelength confinement of optical fields. Local intensity enhancement facilitates access to the strong-field regime and has already sparked various applications, whereas spatial localization has the potential to generate strong-field dynamics exclusive to nanostructures.

Seeded supercontinuum generation with optical parametric down-conversion.

The transition between modulation instability gain and induced soliton fission in nonlinear fiber is experimentally investigated by coherent seeding with the two-color output of an optical parametric oscillator. This approach produces supercontinuum spectra displaying persistent, fine modulation from seeding-induced noise reduction. Numerical simulations support the findings.

Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in silicon.

In silicon devices, the spectral bandwidth of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is limited by the narrowband nature of the Raman process in this medium. In this Letter, we report the observation of broadband wavelength conversion in silicon through CARS enhanced by the self-phase-modulation-induced spectral broadening of the optical pump. The CARS conversion over a bandwidth substantially greater than the intrinsic Raman linewidth is demonstrated yielding conversion efficiencies as high as 1%.