The four self-efficacy trajectories among people with multiple sclerosis: Clinical associations and implications.

Background: Longitudinal studies among people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) have shown that self-efficacy is linked to physical, cognitive and psychological functioning.

Objectives: To determine the distribution of self-efficacy in a large sample of pwMS, examining whether there are distinct groups which show different self-efficacy trajectories over time, and the health status characteristics of any groups identified.

Methods: Participants completed serial questionnaire packs, including Unidimensional Self-efficacy-MS (USE-MS) scale, for the Trajectories of Outcome in Neurological Conditions-MS (TONiC-MS) study over an average 46-month period.

Transverse myelitis associated with an itchy rash and hyperckemia: neuromyelitis optica associated with dermatitis herpetiformis.

Importance: Neuromyelitis optica is associated with severe neurodisability if not recognized and treated promptly. Several autoimmune disorders are associated with this condition and may vary in their presentation. It is essential that clinicians are aware of the uncommon presenting features of neuromyelitis optica and associated autoimmune conditions.

Intact neurological outcome after neurointerventional treatment for intracranial venous thrombosis with straight sinus involvement.

The role of neurointerventional treatment, including local thrombolysis, for intracranial venous thrombosis (ICVT) currently remains uncertain. We describe a case of postpartum ICVT involving the straight sinus, with rapid neurological deterioration and progressive thrombosis, despite anticoagulation. She underwent multimodality neurointerventional treatment involving attempted mechanical clot disruption, microcatheter suction, intrathrombus thrombolysis and microballoon disruption and clot retrieval.

Reduced phenytoin levels in an epileptic patient following Roux-En-Y gastric bypass for obesity.

Despite widespread uptake of bariatric procedures for severe obesity, changes in pharmacodynamics after surgery are poorly understood. We report an epileptic patient who had a seizure following gastric bypass, although he had been asymptomatic for 30 years and without any change in his treatment. Phenytoin levels were undetectable despite a high dose.

Neuropathological findings in Sneddon's syndrome.

The authors report the neuropathologic findings in a case of Sneddon's syndrome. There were multiple small, predominantly cortical, infarcts, with focal hyperplasia and fibrotic occlusion of arterial vessels in the superficial white matter, cortex, and leptomeninges. A very occasional arterial thrombus was seen.