Online Measurements during Simulated Atmospheric Aging Track the Strongly Increasing Oxidative Potential of Complex Combustion Aerosols Relative to Their Primary Emissions.

Oxidative potential (OP) is increasingly recognized as a more health-relevant metric than particulate matter (PM) mass concentration because of its response to varying chemical compositions. Given the limited research on the OP of complex combustion aerosols, the effects of aging processes on their OP remain underexplored. We used online instruments to track the evolution of OP [via dithiothreitol (DTT) assays] during the aging of wood burning and coal combustion emissions by hydroxyl-radical-driven photooxidation and dark ozonolysis.

Ancient reticulation, incomplete lineage sorting and the evolution of the pyrenoid at the dawn of hornwort diversification.

Background And Aims: Resolving the phylogeny of hornworts is critical in understanding the evolution of key morphological characters that are unique to the group, including the pyrenoid. Extensive phylogenomic analyses have revealed unexpected complexities in the placement of Leiosporoceros, the previously identified sister taxon to other hornworts. We explore the role of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and ancient reticulation in resolving interrelationships and comprehending the diversification and evolutionary processes within hornworts.

Effects of Relative Humidity on Time-Resolved Molecular Characterization of Secondary Organic Aerosols from the OH-Initiated Oxidation of Cresol in the Presence of NO.

While biomass burning (BB) is the largest source of fine particles in the atmosphere, the influence of relative humidity (RH) and photochemistry on BB secondary organic aerosol (BB-SOA) formation and aging remains poorly constrained. These effects need to be addressed to better capture and comprehend the evolution of BB-SOA in the atmosphere. Cresol (CHO) is used as a BB proxy to investigate these effects.

Photodegradation of naphthalene-derived particle oxidation products.

While photochemical aging is known to alter secondary organic aerosol (SOA) properties, this process remains poorly constrained for anthropogenic SOA. This study investigates the photodegradation of SOA produced from the hydroxyl radical-initiated oxidation of naphthalene under low- and high-NO conditions. We used state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, including extractive electrospray ionization and chemical ionization MS, for the in-depth molecular characterization of gas and particulate phases.

Worse survival and higher rates of relapse in U.S. Armenians with papillary thyroid cancer.

Objectives: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent subtype of thyroid cancer with overall favorable survival. Currently, little is known about the PTC experience within the United States (U.S.