REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER DIVERSE PATIENTS: Effects of feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy on testicular function and reproductive capacity: review of data from clinical and experimental studies.

In Brief: Transgender, non-binary and gender-diverse patients utilizing feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) may experience reduced fertility, which is currently addressed through fertility preservation and treatment cessation. Experimental research with animal models may identify mechanisms involved in testicular function impairment, their severity and duration, and may help to inform patients about reproductive health decisions.

Abstract: Feminizing GAHT may include combined estrogen, progesterone and/or antiandrogens (collectively referred to as E-GAHT) aiming to achieve individualized embodiment goals.

Accurate computation of quantum excited states with neural networks.

We present an algorithm to estimate the excited states of a quantum system by variational Monte Carlo, which has no free parameters and requires no orthogonalization of the states, instead transforming the problem into that of finding the ground state of an expanded system. Arbitrary observables can be calculated, including off-diagonal expectations, such as the transition dipole moment. The method works particularly well with neural network ansätze, and by combining this method with the FermiNet and Psiformer ansätze, we can accurately recover excitation energies and oscillator strengths on a range of molecules.

Neural network variational Monte Carlo for positronic chemistry.

Quantum chemical calculations of the ground-state properties of positron-molecule complexes are challenging. The main difficulty lies in employing an appropriate basis set for representing the coalescence between electrons and a positron. Here, we tackle this problem with the recently developed Fermionic neural network (FermiNet) wavefunction, which does not depend on a basis set.

Beta-defensin index: A functional biomarker for oral cancer detection.

There is an unmet clinical need for a non-invasive and cost-effective test for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that informs clinicians when a biopsy is warranted. Human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3), an epithelial cell-derived anti-microbial peptide, is pro-tumorigenic and overexpressed in early-stage OSCC compared to hBD-2. We validate this expression dichotomy in carcinoma in situ and OSCC lesions using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.

Intrabiliary metastasis of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma mimicking choledocholithiasis 18 years after the primary tumor.

This case report presents a 62-year-old male who had previously undergone curative colectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 2005 for colorectal cancer. He presented with jaundice, which was initially attributed to choledocholithiasis. After cholecystectomy and repeat ERCPs, hyperbilirubinemia persisted.