Three cases of first permanent molar extractions where extraction of the adjacent second deciduous molar is also indicated.

Unlabelled: Appropriately timed extraction of a carious first permanent molar can result in favourable mesial drift of the second permanent molar when space is not required for orthodontic treatment. However, when the second deciduous molar adjacent to the extracted tooth is not removed, distal drift of the unerupted second premolar may occur. This paper discusses three patients who had first permanent molars extracted without removal of the adjacent second deciduous molar, encouraging unfavourable distal drift of the second premolar in the first two cases.

Physiological differentiation of the mitochondria during Bufo bufo development.

1) The oxygen consumption increases during Bufo bufo development in accordance with the two steps which border at the "heart beat" stage. 2) Cytochrome c oxidase activity is not proportional to the oxygen consumption: it is notable and constant in the first step, and it only increases in the second. 3) In the mitochondria of preneural embryos, citrate synthase, NADP+ dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase activities are very low in respect to malate dehydrogenase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activities.

Mitochondria, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase isozymes in the aerobic glycolysis of tumor cells.

At 9 mM glucose, experimental results show that mitochondrial phosphate depletion (induced by glucose phosphorylation, catalyzed by mitochondrial hexokinase) reduces the activities of the respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutaminase. Consequently, the 14C-lactate oxidation to 14CO2 is lowered in the presence of glucose. The fall of ATP level triggers a high aerobic glycolysis by deinhibiting fructose-6-P kinase.

ATP inhibition competes with activating cations in modulating the NAD(P)(+)-malic enzyme activity in the mitochondrial matrix of Xenopus laevis oocytes.

1. ATP inhibits NAD(P)(+)-dependent malic enzyme activity by competing with the essential activators Mn2+ and Mg2+. 2.